Question 1

All of the following are representative of the emergence of the field of cognitive science in the second half of the 20th century EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) new developments in computer technology and artificial intelligence. 
B) a philosophical shift in the field toward empiricism and associationism. 
C) Chomsky's work arguing that behaviorist theories cannot explain language acquisition. 
D) Miller's work showing that internal processes like short-term memory can be quantified.

Question 2

________ was one of the first brain scientists to realize that specific cognitive functions can be localized to specific parts of the brain and that many different functional regions can take part in a given behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Broca 
B) Hughlings Jackson 
C) Flourens 
D) Brodmann

Question 3

Noam Chomsky wrote an article titled "Three Models for the Description of Language." Describe how the findings he reported moved the field of cognitive psychology forward.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Noam Chomsky wrote an article titled "Three...

Question 4

Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke discovered two different forms of aphasia. Compare and contrast them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke discovered two...

Question 5

The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language and memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as

Accepted Answer

A) the neuron doctrine. 
B) aggregate field theory. 
C) rationalism. 
D) the law of effect.

Question 6

Wernicke was an early researcher who suggested that the ________ contributes to language comprehension.

Accepted Answer

A) right frontotemporal area 
B) left frontotemporal area 
C) right temporoparietal area 
D) left temporoparietal area

Question 7

Patient Leborgne was nicknamed "Tan" because that was the only word he could utter. Leborgne had developed an aphasia due to a lesion in which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) frontal cortex 
B) Broca's area 
C) cerebellum 
D) Wernicke's area

Question 8

Thorndike's law of effect

Accepted Answer

A) stated that much knowledge is innately specified due to natural selection. 
B) was written to oppose Darwin's theory of natural selection. 
C) stated that a behavior that is followed by a reward is likely to occur again. 
D) was written to oppose the behaviorists.

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT contributory to the development of the electroencephalogram?

Accepted Answer

A) measuring continuous activity from the cerebral cortex of dogs and apes 
B) studying patients who had skull defects 
C) making photographic recordings of activity from a string galvanometer 
D) publishing a paper describing recordings of brain currents

Question 10

La reazione nera, or "the black reaction," refers to

Accepted Answer

A) a cell stain developed by Golgi. 
B) a perceptual phenomenon described by the Gestalt psychologists. 
C) a ganglion preparation developed by Arvanitaki. 
D) a type of reinforcement-based learning described by the behaviorists.

Question 11

Which of the following methods relies on blood oxygenation?

Accepted Answer

A) magnetic resonance imaging 
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging 
C) computerized axial tomography 
D) electroencephalogram

Question 12

Imagine that you are one of the researchers who advanced the field of cognitive neuroscience by developing a new instrument to measure the brain. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) has already been developed, but your team wants to expand the CAT to develop an instrument that will provide information about brain function. Which method are you most likely developing?

Accepted Answer

A) electroencephalography (EEG) 
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
C) positron emission tomography (PET) 
D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Exam 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience