Question 1

The corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

A) permits communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. 
B) is the area of the cortex in which information about touch, pain, temperature, and limb position is processed. 
C) separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. 
D) is a fluid-filled chamber that cushions and supports the brain.

Question 2

The cell body of a neuron contains the same machinery found in most cells, including a nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What are the major differences between electrotonic conduction and the action potential? Describe how these two processes play out in neural transmission.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the major differences between electrotonic...

Question 4

Of the following choices, the most anterior portion of the frontal lobes-the prefrontal cortex-is most critical to

Accepted Answer

A) processing information about pain, touch, and temperature. 
B) executive functions. 
C) the "what" visual pathway. 
D) the "where" visual pathway.

Question 5

This brain structure is often called the gateway to the cortex because almost all sensory inputs synapse here before continuing to their primary cortical sensory areas.

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus 
B) hippocampus 
C) thalamus 
D) amygdala

Question 6

The neocortex contains ______ cortical layers, with ________ typically being the input layer.

Accepted Answer

A) 10; layer IV 
B) 10; layer I 
C) six; layer IV 
D) six; layer I

Question 7

The amplitude of an action potential is directly proportional to the size of the initial depolarization that produced it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The brainstem includes all of the following components EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla. 
B) midbrain. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) pons.

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the lateral and third ventricles by the

Accepted Answer

A) dura mater. 
B) substantia nigra. 
C) globus pallidus. 
D) choroid plexus.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the prenatal development of the human nervous system is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The brain develops from ectoderm cells, whereas the spinal cord develops from mesoderm cells. 
B) Ectoderm cells are the precursors of the entire nervous system. 
C) Glial cells are derived from endoderm cells, whereas neurons are derived from ectoderm cells. 
D) Mesoderm cells are the precursors for all parts of the human nervous system.

Question 11

Sulci are the protruding rounded surfaces of the cortex, and gyri are the fissures and invaginations between the sulci.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The term cytoarchitectonics refers to

Accepted Answer

A) how cells in one brain region appear morphologically and how they are arranged with respect to each other. 
B) how assemblies of neurons function together and how they communicate with neighboring ganglia. 
C) how different brain regions differ in volume and how they interact to produce complex cognitive phenomena. 
D) how the brains of different animals differ from each other in gross anatomy and the evolutionary bases of these differences.

Question 13

Describe the events following the fertilization of an egg that pertain to the development of the nervous system. In your answer, name the three main types of cell lines found in the blastula and describe what parts of the organism these cells become.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the events following the fertilization of...

Question 14

Two main types of projections extend from the cell body of a neuron. ________ receive inputs from other neurons, while ________ send information to other neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) Synapses; glia 
B) Axons; dendrites 
C) Glia; synapses 
D) Dendrites; axons

Question 15

The nodes of Ranvier are

Accepted Answer

A) vesicles of neurotransmitters, stored in presynaptic neurons. 
B) little knobs attached by small necks to the surface of dendrites. 
C) vesicles of calcium ions, stored in postsynaptic neurons. 
D) points along axons that are not surrounded by myelin.

Question 16

The ___________________ is a system of structures that includes the ____________. This system has been implicated in_____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) limbic system; amygdala; emotion behavior 
B) limbic system; putamen; motor preparation 
C) basal ganglia; amygdala; emotion behavior 
D) basal ganglia; hippocampus; motor preparation

Question 17

The ease with which a cell membrane will permit ions to cross is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) the concentration gradient. 
B) permeability. 
C) the action potential. 
D) conductivity.

Question 18

Describe the chemical and electrical properties of an action potential. In your answer, describe the movement of Na⁺ ions and K⁺ ions across the cell membrane and the resulting changes in electrical potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the chemical and electrical properties of...

Question 19

The ___________, which is comprised of _________, restricts the diffusion of certain molecules and microbes from the circulatory system, protecting the brain from chemical compounds that might otherwise interfere with neuronal activity.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium-potassium pump; astrocytes 
B) blood-brain barrier; astrocytes 
C) myelin sheath; oligodendrites 
D) lipid bilayer; oligodendrites

Question 20

The thick outer membrane that encloses the brain within the skull is the

Accepted Answer

A) gray matter. 
B) white matter. 
C) myelin sheath. 
D) dura mater.

Exam 2: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

The corpus callosum

The cell body of a neuron contains the same machinery found in most cells, including a nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

What are the major differences between electrotonic conduction and the action potential? Describe how these two processes play out in neural transmission.

Of the following choices, the most anterior portion of the frontal lobes-the prefrontal cortex-is most critical to

This brain structure is often called the gateway to the cortex because almost all sensory inputs synapse here before continuing to their primary cortical sensory areas.

The neocortex contains cortical layers, with __ typically being the input layer.

The amplitude of an action potential is directly proportional to the size of the initial depolarization that produced it.

The brainstem includes all of the following components EXCEPT the

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the lateral and third ventricles by the

Which of the following statements regarding the prenatal development of the human nervous system is correct?

Sulci are the protruding rounded surfaces of the cortex, and gyri are the fissures and invaginations between the sulci.

The term cytoarchitectonics refers to

Describe the events following the fertilization of an egg that pertain to the development of the nervous system. In your answer, name the three main types of cell lines found in the blastula and describe what parts of the organism these cells become.

Two main types of projections extend from the cell body of a neuron. receive inputs from other neurons, while send information to other neurons.

The nodes of Ranvier are

The _ is a system of structures that includes the . This system has been implicated in___.

The ease with which a cell membrane will permit ions to cross is referred to as

Describe the chemical and electrical properties of an action potential. In your answer, describe the movement of Na⁺ ions and K⁺ ions across the cell membrane and the resulting changes in electrical potential.

The ___, which is comprised of _, restricts the diffusion of certain molecules and microbes from the circulatory system, protecting the brain from chemical compounds that might otherwise interfere with neuronal activity.

The thick outer membrane that encloses the brain within the skull is the