Question 1

Joseph and Kenneth are twins resulting from two ova.What proportion of their genes do the boys have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) precisely 50 percent 
B) about 50 percent 
C) about 25 percent 
D) 100 percent

Question 2

Children who have one dark-skinned parent and one light-skinned parent can have a skin tone that is somewhere between their mother's skin color and their father's skin color.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) incomplete dominance. 
B) mutation. 
C) polygenic inheritance. 
D) codominance.

Question 3

Research by Plomin and colleagues indicated that the highest heritability correlation concerning the emotion of anger was found between

Accepted Answer

A) identical twins raised together. 
B) identical twins reared apart. 
C) fraternal twins raised together. 
D) fraternal twins reared apart.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a major claim of Darwin's theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) There is genetic variation in a species. 
B) Some genes aid in adaptation to the environment more than other genes do. 
C) New species emerge on their own and are not related to earlier species. 
D) Genes that aid in adaptation to the environment are more likely to be passed on to future generations.

Question 5

Michael is color blind.What caused this to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) his father's genes 
B) his mother's genes 
C) either parent's genes 
D) environmental factors

Question 6

It is estimated that about _____ percent of the human genome consists of what are traditionally defined as genes.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 16 
C) 7 
D) 1

Question 7

The belief that we inherit tried and true ways of adjusting to the environment from past generations is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) crossing over. 
B) incomplete dominance. 
C) concordance. 
D) cultural evolution.

Question 8

Which is a common criticism of twin studies?

Accepted Answer

A) Twin studies are better suited to identify environmental influences than genetic influences. 
B) Fraternal twins tend to be treated more similarly than identical twins. 
C) Twin studies overestimate the role of prenatal experiences on development. 
D) The environment may be the more dominant influence on the similarity being studied in twins.

Question 9

Meg was born with only one X chromosome.She is short,of average verbal intelligence,and lacking in spatial reasoning skills.Meg has

Accepted Answer

A) Down syndrome. 
B) Tay-Sachs. 
C) Klinefelter syndrome. 
D) Turner syndrome.

Question 10

Concerning mental illness,people appear to inherit a predisposition for a disorder,not the actual disorder

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

When a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene,the characteristic associated with the dominant gene will be

Accepted Answer

A) repressed. 
B) absent. 
C) expressed. 
D) mutated.

Question 12

Describe the processes of chorionic villus sampling and preimplantation diagnosis.Discuss the potential ethical concerns over prenatal diagnosis and why one of these two methods may present less cause for debate regarding ethics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the processes of chorionic villus sampling...

Question 13

Differentiate genotype from phenotype using yourself as an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate genotype from phenotype using yourself as...

Question 14

The fact that Orson is extremely obese appears to be completely due to one pair of genes that he received (one from mom and one from dad).In this case,Orson's obesity is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) single gene-pair inheritance. 
B) polygenetic effects. 
C) dominant genes. 
D) sex-linked traits.

Question 15

Incomplete dominance occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) a recessive gene overpowers a dominant gene. 
B) there is a compromise between the effect of two genes. 
C) a dominant gene overpowers a recessive gene. 
D) genetic effects are overpowered by environmental factors.

Question 16

If a person needs one matching pair of genes in order to express a characteristic carried by a pair of genes,the characteristic is considered

Accepted Answer

A) recessive. 
B) dominant. 
C) a mutation. 
D) polygenic.

Question 17

Give an example of something from 50 or 100 years ago that we have culturally evolved into our experience today.Then,give an example of something that has recently become part of our experience and describe how it will be culturally evolved for people 50 or 100 years from now.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of something from 50...

Question 18

If one or both biological parents have schizophrenia,we can conclude that their child will

Accepted Answer

A) not develop the disorder as long as he or she is raised in a separate environment. 
B) definitely develop the disorder regardless of the environment. 
C) have a greater than average risk of developing the disorder in response to an environmental trigger. 
D) develop the disorder at a much younger age than another child who develops the disorder but has no family history of schizophrenia.

Question 19

The Fraga and colleagues (2005)study on aging and RNA in identical twins found that the pattern of genetic expression

Accepted Answer

A) was nearly identical in both very young and older twins. 
B) was quite different in both very young and older twins. 
C) was nearly identical in very young twins but differed in older twins. 
D) differed in very young twins but was nearly identical in older twins.

Question 20

Following mitosis,each daughter cell has _____ number of chromosomes as that of the mother cell.

Accepted Answer

A) half of the 
B) twice the 
C) four times the 
D) the same

Exam 3: Genes,Environment,and Development