Question 1

Samantha, a three-year-old girl, showed stunted growth. She weighed only 22 pounds and was much shorter than most of her peers six months ago. She was treated for failure to thrive. She is now returning to her normal growth rate, and her weight is showing an increase. Which of the following phenomena does this scenario represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canalization 
B)  Myelination 
C)  Differentiation 
D)  Habituation

Question 2

_________transmits impulses to other neurons. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  A myelin sheath 
B)  An axon 
C)  A dendrite 
D)  The amygdala

Question 3

Dennis is four months old. He holds his toys between his fingers and palm when he plays with them. He does not use his thumb even after his mother shows him how to hold something the right way. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an ulnar grasp 
B)  canalization 
C)  a pincer grasp 
D)  habituation

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of growth patterns in boys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys reach about half their adult height by two years of age. 
B)  Boys reach about one-third their adult height by five years of age. 
C)  Boys reach about one-fourth their adult height by four years of age. 
D)  Boys reach about one-tenth their adult height by three years of age.

Question 5

Briefly explain the structures of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the structures of the brain....

Question 6

The most dramatic gains in height and weight occur during:

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatal development. 
B)  adolescence. 
C)  infancy. 
D)  the first few hours of birth.

Question 7

According to a research conducted by Rose et al. in 2014, which of the following is a downside to breast-feeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increased risk of early breast cancer and ovarian cancer in mothers 
B)  An increased risk of transmission of HIV to infants by infected mothers 
C)  An increased risk of childhood lymphoma in infants 
D)  The likelihood of infants developing serious cases of diarrhea

Question 8

Define perceptual constancy. Briefly explain size constancy and shape constancy in infants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define perceptual constancy. Briefly explain size constancy...

Question 9

The cerebellum is the part of the brain involved in coordination and balance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

List some guidelines for infant nutrition set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2011.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List some guidelines for infant nutrition set...

Question 11

Maggie, an infant, is holding a toy clumsily, using only her fingers and palm. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a pincer grasp 
B)  canalization 
C)  an ulnar grasp 
D)  habituation

Question 12

Which of the following is true of myelination?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is complete at birth. 
B)  Myelination of the brain's prefrontal matter is completed during neonatal development. 
C)  The breakdown of myelin generally occurs in the first decade of life. 
D)  It is part of the maturation process that leads to the abilities to crawl and walk during the first year after birth.

Question 13

Briefly explain the sequence of motor development in infancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the sequence of motor development...

Question 14

Briefly describe myelination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe myelination....

Question 15

Billy is a four-year-old boy. He has trouble walking and running like other children his age, and he sleeps through most of the day. He is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Billy's condition is the result of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the abnormal lengths of the axons 
B)  a disruption in his myelin sheaths 
C)  the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 
D)  a disruption in his rapid eye movement sleep

Question 16

Which of the following is true of locomotive development in infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most infants begin to crawl at about six months. 
B)  Crawling appears a month or so after creeping. 
C)  By about seven months, infants usually begin to sit up by themselves. 
D)  Most infants can remain in a standing position by holding on to something at the age of five months.

Question 17

As children mature, their behaviors become less loose and global, and more specific and distinct, a tendency called _________. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  integration 
B)  differentiation 
C)  habituation 
D)  canalization

Question 18

The _________principle relates to the fact that growth in infants proceeds from the trunk outward, from the body's central axis toward the periphery. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  integration 
B)  differentiation 
C)  cephalocaudal 
D)  proximodistal

Question 19

According to a research done by Lampl et al., which of the following is true of growth patterns in infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  An infant's length increases by one-fifth of an inch to a full inch in less than 24 hours. 
B)  An infant grows constantly during the first year of life. 
C)  Growth during prenatal development is less dramatic than growth during infancy. 
D)  An infant's length increases by one centimeter to one-and-a-half centimeters in the first month of birth.

Question 20

Toddlers begin to run with their legs in a bowlegged fashion because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they lack the Babinski reflex. 
B)  this action requires visual-motor coordination, which is absent in toddlers. 
C)  the head and the torso are heavier than the rest of the body. 
D)  the principle of cephalocaudal development prevents them from running.

Exam 4: Infancy: Physical Development