Question 1

To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?

Accepted Answer

A) increased rate of mitosis by certain cells 
B) ischemic damage to cells 
C) liquefaction of necrotic tissue 
D) preprogrammed cell self-destruction

Question 2

Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after the original disease is established?

Accepted Answer

A) symptoms 
B) occurrence 
C) manifestations 
D) complication

Question 3

Which of the following is the best definition of epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

A) the science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases 
B) the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease 
C) identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms 
D) the global search for emerging diseases

Question 4

A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed:

Accepted Answer

A) latent stage 
B) predisposing factor 
C) incidence 
D) precipitating factor

Question 5

Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) an iatrogenic cause of cancer 
B) a preventative measure 
C) a precipitating factor 
D) a predisposing condition

Question 6

What is an acute episode of a chronic disease called?

Accepted Answer

A) an exacerbation 
B) a prodromal period 
C) a complication 
D) a sequel

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Alteration of DNA does not change cell function. 
B) Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves. 
C) All types of cells die at the same rate. 
D) Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death.

Question 8

The term cancer refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) dysplasia 
B) hyperplasia 
C) metaplasia 
D) malignant neoplasm

Question 9

A short-term illness that develops very quickly with perhaps a high fever or severe pain is called:

Accepted Answer

A) acute 
B) latent 
C) chronic 
D) manifestation

Question 10

The best definition of ischemia is:

Accepted Answer

A) the mechanical damage due to pressure on tissue 
B) any imbalance of fluids or electrolytes in the body 
C) a deficit of oxygen supply to the cells,due to circulatory obstruction 
D) the effects of infection by microorganisms

Question 11

Hypertrophy of the heart would be related to:

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the size of the individual cells 
B) an increase in the number of cells in an area 
C) replacement of normal cells by a different type of cell 
D) a decrease in the size of the individual cells

Question 12

The term homeostasis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the causative factors in a particular disease 
B) maintenance of a stable internal environment 
C) a condition that triggers an acute episode 
D) a collection of signs and symptoms

Question 13

Etiology is defined as the study of the:

Accepted Answer

A) causes of a disease 
B) course of a disease 
C) expected complications of a disease 
D) manifestations of a disease

Question 14

All of the following statements are correct about cell damage EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) The Initial stage of cell damage often causes an alteration in metabolic reactions. 
B) If the factor causing the damage is removed quickly,the cell may be able to recover and return to its normal state. 
C) If the noxious factor remains for an extended period of time,the damage becomes irreversible and the cell dies. 
D) Initially cell damage does not change cell metabolism,structure,or function.

Exam 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology