Question 1

Christine wants to buy a new television.She will not purchase a television with a screen smaller than 25 inches.She will also not purchase a television that costs more than $500.Her decision-making strategy is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  a purely additive strategy. 
B)  a weighted additive strategy. 
C)  elimination by aspects. 
D)  a field independent strategy.

Question 2

Your sister has just given birth to her first child and has asked you when she should expect the baby to begin speaking.In a paragraph or two,present what you would tell her about the development of language in the first two years of life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your sister has just given birth to...

Question 3

Problems of transformation are often solved in a burst of insight,following incorrect attempts based primarily on trial and error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When an infant produces repetitive consonant-vowel combinations such as "babababa," the infant is

Accepted Answer

A)  using baby talk. 
B)  cooing. 
C)  babbling. 
D)  speaking.

Question 5

Algorithms are guiding principles or "rules of thumb" used in solving problems or making decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The availability heuristic implies that people will ____ the frequency of events that are easy to remember and ____ the frequency of events that are hard to remember.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate; underestimate 
B)  underestimate; overestimate 
C)  overestimate; overestimate 
D)  underestimate; underestimate

Question 7

Which of the following statements is the BEST example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  I eated a cookie 
B)  Cookie 
C)  I wanted a cookie 
D)  Give cookie

Question 8

The word "psychology" consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  ten morphemes, one for each letter of the alphabet used. 
B)  one morpheme, for the entire word. 
C)  three morphemes, one for each syllable. 
D)  two morphemes: "psych," and "ology."

Question 9

Which of the following is a criticism of Skinner's model of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its concepts are extremely vague. 
B)  Children don't seem to learn transformational rules as Skinner said they should. 
C)  It is unreasonable to expect children to learn an infinite number of sentences by imitation. 
D)  Children don't respond to positive reinforcement until they are in preschool, after language is already established.

Question 10

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and he proposes that your language determines the nature of your thought.Which theorist would agree with his assertions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Benjamin Whorf 
B)  B. F. Skinner 
C)  Steven Pinker 
D)  Noam Chomsky

Question 11

Briefly explain why people often find some problems difficult to solve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain why people often find some...

Question 12

According to learning theory,children's vocabularies increase and their pronunciation improves as

Accepted Answer

A)  parents insist on closer and closer approximations of the correct word before they provide reinforcement. 
B)  the quality of their problem-solving ability improves. 
C)  the brain matures with age. 
D)  transformational rules are mastered.

Question 13

In order to decide which car to buy,Jim makes a list of desired qualities and rates each of the cars he is considering on a scale of one to ten.After totaling the points each car receives on all the desired qualities,he is going to purchase the car with the most points.Jim is using the ____ strategy of decision-making.

Accepted Answer

A)  elimination by aspects 
B)  selection by aspects 
C)  subtractive 
D)  additive

Question 14

Esmeralda wants to use her roommate's computer to work on her term paper.However,the roommate has password protection on the computer's boot sequence.Rather than starting at "a" and systematically testing every possible word in the English language,Esmeralda makes some educated guesses about the passwords,based on what she knows about her roommate.In this case,Esmeralda is using

Accepted Answer

A)  a heuristic to get past the password protection. 
B)  an algorithm to get past the password protection. 
C)  reframing to get past the password protection. 
D)  representativeness to get past the password protection.

Question 15

If your psychology professor gives students two separate grades on their essay questions on exams,one for content or meaning and the other for grammar,the first grade can be said to refer to the ____ and the second grade to the ____ of the essays.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics; syntax 
B)  syntax; semantics 
C)  phonemes; morphemes 
D)  morphemes; phonemes

Question 16

Valerie is 18 months old.Her productive vocabulary probably consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer than 3 words. 
B)  3 to 50 words. 
C)  100 to 200 words. 
D)  about 500 words.

Question 17

The fact that people tend to underestimate the risks of their own health-impairing habits while viewing others' risks much more accurately illustrates that people tend to ignore ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that people tend to underestimate...

Question 18

The English language contains approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  100 morphemes. 
B)  40 morphemes. 
C)  100 phonemes. 
D)  40 phonemes.

Question 19

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and she proposes that children acquire language the same way they learn everything else,through reinforcement and other established principles of conditioning.Which theorist would agree with her assertions?

Accepted Answer

A)  David Premack 
B)  B. F. Skinner 
C)  Steven Pinker 
D)  Noam Chomsky

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an item of evidence Chomsky would use to support the idea of an inborn language learning mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children learn language very quickly and effortlessly. 
B)  Language learning in young children is different across cultures. 
C)  The errors in child speech are common and indicate lawfulness. 
D)  The general rate of language learning is similar for kids from diverse backgrounds.

Exam 8: Language and Thought