Question 1

The minimal clinically important change is more meaningful than the minimum detectable change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is considered the highest level of evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic review 
B)  Meta-analysis 
C)  Randomized clinical trials 
D)  Cohort studies

Question 3

What term describes the likelihood that a specific condition is present before the diagnostic test results are known?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pretest probability 
B)  Prevalence 
C)  Efficacy 
D)  Diagnostic accuracy

Question 4

The best diagnostic accuracy is achieved with a high rate of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  True positives and false negatives 
B)  True positives and true negatives 
C)  False positives and false negatives 
D)  False positives and true negatives

Question 5

Clinician-based outcome measures are used to assess concerns important to the patient that often relate to symptoms,functional ability,or health-related quality of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following describes a research study with two groups-one that receives the treatment and one that does not-that are studied over time to determine the impact of the treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case series 
B)  Meta-analysis 
C)  Cohort study 
D)  Randomized clinical trial

Question 7

What is meant by a positive likelihood ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  The likelihood that a negative test will decrease the probability that the pathology is absent 
B)  The likelihood that a positive test will decrease the probability that the pathology is present 
C)  The likelihood that a positive test will enhance the probability that the pathology is present 
D)  The likelihood that a negative test will enhance the probability that the pathology is present

Question 8

Which of the following tests would determine with the highest sensitivity that a fracture is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-ray 
B)  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
C)  Tap test 
D)  Squeeze test

Question 9

Which term describes a test's ability to detect those patients who do not have the disorder being tested for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selectivity 
B)  Specificity 
C)  Reliability 
D)  Validity

Question 10

What is a general term to describe how often results correctly identify whether a pathology is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pretest probability 
B)  Prevalence 
C)  Efficacy 
D)  Diagnostic accuracy

Question 11

To be clinically useful,a procedure must demonstrate good reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following choices represents the highest reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.83 
B)  0.91 
C)  0.29 
D)  0.50

Question 13

Likelihood ratios incorporate a test's sensitivity and specificity,and they are influenced by the prevalence of a condition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In research,what term describes the extent to which the same examiner obtains the same results on the same patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diagnostic accuracy 
B)  Intrarater reliability 
C)  Prevalence 
D)  Interrater reliability

Question 15

What reliability coefficient should be used when comparing clinicians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kappa 
B)  Gamma 
C)  Delta 
D)  Alpha

Question 16

Which of the following terms describes quick summaries of how positive and negative findings on a particular test determine a test's diagnostic usefulness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Likelihood ratios 
B)  Specificity 
C)  Efficacy 
D)  Sensitivity

Question 17

Which of the following is a research technique that combines the results of several studies that have similar research hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case series 
B)  Meta-analysis 
C)  Cohort study 
D)  Randomized clinical trial

Question 18

What is the best method for improving intrarater reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeat the process multiple times using the same technique. 
B)  Repeat the process and compare it with other individuals. 
C)  Don't worry about it-the task will come with experience and time. 
D)  There is no way to improve intrarater reliability.

Exam 3: Evidence-Based Practice in the Diagnostic Process

The minimal clinically important change is more meaningful than the minimum detectable change.

Which of the following is considered the highest level of evidence?

What term describes the likelihood that a specific condition is present before the diagnostic test results are known?

The best diagnostic accuracy is achieved with a high rate of which of the following?

Clinician-based outcome measures are used to assess concerns important to the patient that often relate to symptoms,functional ability,or health-related quality of life.

Which of the following describes a research study with two groups-one that receives the treatment and one that does not-that are studied over time to determine the impact of the treatment?

What is meant by a positive likelihood ratio?

Which of the following tests would determine with the highest sensitivity that a fracture is present?

Which term describes a test's ability to detect those patients who do not have the disorder being tested for?

What is a general term to describe how often results correctly identify whether a pathology is present?

To be clinically useful,a procedure must demonstrate good reliability.

Which of the following choices represents the highest reliability?

Likelihood ratios incorporate a test's sensitivity and specificity,and they are influenced by the prevalence of a condition.

In research,what term describes the extent to which the same examiner obtains the same results on the same patient?

What reliability coefficient should be used when comparing clinicians?

Which of the following terms describes quick summaries of how positive and negative findings on a particular test determine a test's diagnostic usefulness?

Which of the following is a research technique that combines the results of several studies that have similar research hypotheses?

What is the best method for improving intrarater reliability?