Question 1

In the late 1800s, G. Stanley Hall conducted a study of anger. One case involved a three-year-old girl who asked a calm question right in the middle of a tantrum. Evidently, the child:

Accepted Answer

A)  had been reinforced for having tantrums in the past. 
B)  had been classically conditioned to associate crying with anger. 
C)  experienced higher-order conditioning of her anger responses. 
D)  had been punished for having tantrums in the past.

Question 2

Deciding whether to provide continuous reinforcement, or one of the intermittent schedules of reinforcement, is an important issue in effective operant conditioning. If you want a response to persist after it has been learned, what schedule would best suit your needs? Paige wants to make sure that her roommate, Kelly, continues to keep clutter off Paige's desk now that Kelly has learned to keep it clutter-free. Describe a schedule of reinforcement that would be effective given Paige's goal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deciding whether to provide continuous reinforcement, or...

Question 3

When Pavlov first noticed that his dogs were salivating to things other than food, he called the phenomenon a:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditional reflex. 
B)  conditioned reflex. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  conditional response.

Question 4

When their cancer is treated through chemotherapy, individuals may generalize the nausea caused by chemotherapy to the place where the therapy takes place. When this occurs, the conditioned response is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the place where therapy takes place. 
B)  chemotherapy. 
C)  nausea. 
D)  the sound of a nurse's voice.

Question 5

According to the behaviourists:

Accepted Answer

A)  the predominant area of research should be free will and the mind. 
B)  observable events and acts are the focus of psychological research. 
C)  researchers should focus on the interaction between nature and nurture. 
D)  psychological research needs to emphasize the unconscious underpinnings of behaviour.

Question 6

Match the contributions with the appropriate people.
-first proposed social-learning theory

Accepted Answer

A) Dollard and Miller 
B) Robert Rescorla 
C) Walter Mischel 
D) Albert Bandura 
E) Keller and Marian Breland

Question 7

Many automatic, involuntary responses, including heartbeat and stomach secretions, have been classically conditioned.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The use of operant conditioning techniques in real-world settings is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviour modification. 
B)  contingent reinforcement. 
C)  token economy. 
D)  behavioural shaping.

Question 9

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner showed Little Albert a live white rat. Albert:

Accepted Answer

A)  liked the rat and seemed delighted. 
B)  didn't react to the rat, one way or another. 
C)  tried to crawl away and escape. 
D)  began to whimper and tremble.

Question 10

The conditioned stimulus allows an organism to prepare for an event that is about to happen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match the definitions with the appropriate concept.
-The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned response 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) conditioned response 
D) unconditioned stimulus

Question 12

List six reasons why punishment fails.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List six reasons why punishment fails....

Question 13

A car manufacturer places an ad for its newest model in Playboy magazine, hoping that it will increase sales. In this case, the car is a/an ________ and the female models throughout the magazine would presumably serve as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response; conditioned responses 
B)  neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimuli 
C)  unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus; conditioned responses

Question 14

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a secondary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When a response is first acquired, learning is usually most rapid if the response is reinforced on a:

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous reinforcement schedule. 
B)  fixed schedule after a certain amount of time. 
C)  fixed schedule for a certain number of responses. 
D)  schedule that varies around an average number of responses.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov was elated when his student noticed that the dogs were salivating before tasting the food. 
B)  Pavlov continued his Nobel Prize-winning research on digestion after documenting conditioning. 
C)  Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion. 
D)  Pavlov stressed the importance of speculating about the dogs' feelings toward the food.

Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

In the late 1800s, G. Stanley Hall conducted a study of anger. One case involved a three-year-old girl who asked a calm question right in the middle of a tantrum. Evidently, the child:

When Pavlov first noticed that his dogs were salivating to things other than food, he called the phenomenon a:

When their cancer is treated through chemotherapy, individuals may generalize the nausea caused by chemotherapy to the place where the therapy takes place. When this occurs, the conditioned response is:

According to the behaviourists:

Match the contributions with the appropriate people. -first proposed social-learning theory

Many automatic, involuntary responses, including heartbeat and stomach secretions, have been classically conditioned.

The use of operant conditioning techniques in real-world settings is called:

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner showed Little Albert a live white rat. Albert:

The conditioned stimulus allows an organism to prepare for an event that is about to happen.

Match the definitions with the appropriate concept. -The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus.

List six reasons why punishment fails.

A car manufacturer places an ad for its newest model in Playboy magazine, hoping that it will increase sales. In this case, the car is a/an and the female models throughout the magazine would presumably serve as .

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a secondary reinforcer.

When a response is first acquired, learning is usually most rapid if the response is reinforced on a:

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?