Question 1

________ proposed the idea that there are multiple types of intelligence, including such things as musical aptitude, kinesthetic intelligence, and the capacity for insight into ourselves and others.

Accepted Answer

A)  David Wechsler 
B)  Howard Gardner 
C)  Daniel Goleman 
D)  Robert Sternberg

Question 2

Match each definition with the appropriate term.
-a form of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises; if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning 
B) dialectal reasoning 
C) implicit learning 
D) tacit knowledge 
E) deductive reasoning

Question 3

Karyn is just about to use a photocopier when Bob scurries up saying, "Excuse me, may I use the Xerox machine, because I have to make copies." According to our textbook, Karyn is likely to comply with Bob's request because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Karyn heard the form of the request but not the content, so she mindlessly stepped aside. 
B)  Karyn's cognitive schema doesn't include concepts for dealing with business requests. 
C)  people are generally polite enough to let others go ahead of them, whatever the reason. 
D)  the strategy necessary to solve this problem is not incorporated into Karyn's mental network.

Question 4

If you were playing a game of chess, you might try to analyze all of the possible moves and then pick the best one, but there are just too many, so you will probably use a strategy such as "protect the king." Such "rules of thumb" are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental blocks. 
B)  analogies. 
C)  heuristics. 
D)  algorithms.

Question 5

Match each definition with the appropriate term.
-a tendency to solve problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems

Accepted Answer

A) hindsight bias 
B) confirmation bias 
C) heuristic 
D) mental set 
E) algorithm

Question 6

Between the First World War and the 1960s, the intelligence tests developed for use in schools favoured:

Accepted Answer

A)  poor children over middle-class children. 
B)  extroverted children over introverted children. 
C)  white children over nonwhite children. 
D)  rural children over city children.

Question 7

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set. 
B)  mindlessness. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  stereotype threat.

Question 8

Heuristics would be useful for all of the following individuals EXCEPT a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  renter trying to decide whether or not to lease an apartment. 
B)  investor trying to predict fluctuations of the stock market. 
C)  high school student trying to solve problems on an entrance exam. 
D)  doctor trying to determine the best treatment for a patient.

Question 9

Tacit knowledge about how to be a good student predicts academic success in college as well as entrance exams do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a basic concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  mammal 
B)  dog 
C)  Dalmatian 
D)  living creature

Question 11

A process in which opposing facts are weighed and compared to determine the best solution is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  factor analysis. 
B)  dialectical reasoning. 
C)  justification of effort. 
D)  contextual intelligence.

Question 12

Basic concepts are distinguished from concepts in general by the fact that basic concepts:

Accepted Answer

A)  have fewer instances than general concepts. 
B)  have a moderate number of instances. 
C)  have many more instances than general concepts. 
D)  convey too much irrelevant information.

Question 13

Connie's method of studying worked effectively throughout high school until she took her first foreign language course. In this course, her grades were much lower than usual. How might mental set have played a role in Connie's academic problem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Connie's method of studying worked effectively throughout...

Question 14

Kathryn's grandma says that if Kathryn uses the old family recipe for Irish soda bread, then she is guaranteed to have delicious results. Kathryn's grandma is encouraging her granddaughter to:

Accepted Answer

A)  make use of her family's tacit knowledge. 
B)  rely upon a heuristic. 
C)  engage in dialectical thinking. 
D)  use an algorithm.

Question 15

In Canada, which of the following would be considered a prototype of the concept "sport"?

Accepted Answer

A)  weight lifting 
B)  track 
C)  swimming 
D)  hockey

Question 16

Which of the following is in the correct order from the basic building blocks of thought to complex networks of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  concepts→cognitive schemas→propositions 
B)  propositions→concepts→cognitive schemas 
C)  concepts→propositions→cognitive schemas 
D)  cognitive schemas→concepts→propositions

Question 17

When creativity has been studied, it has been noted that:

Accepted Answer

A)  creative people rely on convergent thinking. 
B)  a high IQ usually guarantees creativity. 
C)  personality characteristics aren't related to creativity. 
D)  creative people are willing to risk ridicule.

Question 18

People have reported visual and auditory mental images, but mental images do not occur in other sensory modalities.

Accepted Answer