Question 1

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deviance breaks down social cohesion and leads to revolution. 
B)  Deviance makes it easier for the upper class to control the poor. 
C)  Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power and influence in society. 
D)  Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.

Question 2

W.I.Thomas famously argued that if people define situations as real,then

Accepted Answer

A)  others will label them as deviant. 
B)  it will lead to tertiary deviance. 
C)  they will be forced to provide evidence. 
D)  they are real in their consequences.

Question 3

In the United States,the ________ is made up of legislatures,the police,courts,and prisons.

Accepted Answer

A)  full state system 
B)  uniform crime report (UCR) 
C)  positive deviance 
D)  criminal justice system

Question 4

An individual who works at a bookstore routinely takes home ballpoint pens and Post-it notes,uses the copy machine to make personal copies,and makes long-distance phone calls on the store's line.However,he would never consider stealing money from the cash register,even if he knew he could get away with it.What is this behavior called?

Accepted Answer

A)  stigmatizing 
B)  pilfering 
C)  self-fulfilling property 
D)  criminology

Question 5

What is the justification for harsh sentencing guidelines like California's controversial "three
Strikes" law?

Accepted Answer

A)  deterrence of future crimes 
B)  rehabilitation of criminals 
C)  retribution for crimes 
D)  reform of individual criminals

Question 6

Robert Merton's typology of deviance outlines the strain that people experience as they attempt to access cultural goals through legitimate,institutionalized means.In which of the following categories would gangsters and con artists be found?

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity 
B)  innovation 
C)  ritualism 
D)  retreatism

Question 7

Many people today argue that convicted sex offenders should be chemically castrated or held in protective custody beyond their original sentences.What is the logic of these punishments?

Accepted Answer

A)  incapacitation 
B)  deterrence 
C)  retribution 
D)  rehabilitation

Question 8

According to Jack Katz,there are several reasons why adolescents might shoplift.One reason is the material appeal of the objects that are taken,but more importantly,they

Accepted Answer

A)  can gain entrance to gangs if they are successful. 
B)  often have a vendetta against a particular store or small business owner. 
C)  regard "getting away with it" as a demonstration of personal competence. 
D)  usually need to make money by selling the objects they steal.

Question 9

Some people utilize social media as an enhanced form of condescending attacks known as

Accepted Answer

A)  deviance. 
B)  criminology. 
C)  white collar crime. 
D)  cyberbullying.

Question 10

How does the FBI's Uniform Crime Report measure crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  A random sample of citizens are asked what crimes they have been the victims of in the past twelve months. 
B)  A random sample of police officers is asked what crime levels they have observed. 
C)  Every crime reported by over 17,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States is tabulated. 
D)  The convictions of every district attorney in the United States are tabulated.

Question 11

What might a conflict theorist conclude about deviance if an upper-middle-class,white college student is sentenced to rehab for the same drug crime that a lower-class,black man is sentenced to jail for committing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different levels of punishment are functional, as they keep the most productive members of society out of jail. 
B)  Criminals from the lower class should be more harshly punished, as they are more likely to re-offend. 
C)  The two criminals probably had very different motives for committing their crimes and this explains the difference in punishment. 
D)  The rules are applied unequally and those with power or influence are punished much less harshly.

Question 12

Some Americans are angry about the number of immigrants who enter the country every year.An adherent of structural functionalism would argue that this anger

Accepted Answer

A)  hurts the economy by preventing immigration. 
B)  is unequally distributed, since it is mainly aimed at poor and working-class immigrants. 
C)  is a form of cyberbullying, since the anger is generally expressed online. 
D)  promotes social cohesion among nonimmigrants as they come together and label immigrants as outsiders.

Question 13

Asian American students are more likely to be placed in Advanced Placement classes,score higher grades,and be treated well by teachers.This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotype promise. 
B)  self-fulfilling prophecy. 
C)  tertiary deviance. 
D)  stereotype threat.

Question 14

Today,using the wrong fork to eat a salad at a dinner party would NOT usually qualify as
Deviance because

Accepted Answer

A)  American society no longer has rules and etiquette governing which utensil to use
For salads. 
B)  most dinners are eaten with friends who do not apply sanctions for deviant behavior. 
C)  there are not norms governing food and eating. 
D)  it is not a serious enough norm violation to provoke sanctions.

Question 15

What is cyberbullying and how is it different from traditional bullying?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is cyberbullying and how is it...

Question 16

Samantha believes corporations are not punished enough for polluting the planet,manufacturing unsafe products,and manipulating prices.At the same time,she sees homeless people imprisoned for stealing food; she believes we should all have access to regardless of wealth.Samantha has taken a ________ perspective to explain the way deviance is viewed in society.

Accepted Answer

A)  structural functionalist 
B)  symbolic interactionist 
C)  conflict theory 
D)  retreatist

Question 17

Sociologists argue that no behavior,not even one designed to kill a great number of people,is inherently deviant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which factor makes sociologists question the relationship between youth and crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Official crime statistics show that middle-aged people commit a large percentage of crimes. 
B)  Young people may commit crimes that are more visible and, therefore, are arrested more often. 
C)  Young people commit more property crimes, but older people commit more violent crimes. 
D)  Young people are stronger and more fit so they can find jobs instead of resorting to criminal activity for income.

Question 19

Who proposed social control theory,which suggests that individuals who have stronger bonds are LESS likely to commit crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert Merton 
B)  Travis Hirschi 
C)  Richard Quinney 
D)  Edwin Sutherland

Question 20

Criminology consists of the study of crime,criminals,and criminal justice.

Accepted Answer