Question 1

In an experiment, the control group does not receive the

Accepted Answer

A)  third variable.
B)  independent variable.
C)  dependent variable.
D)  experimental effect. B

Question 2

The case, The Three Faces of Eve, was controversial because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some challenged the existence of multiple personalities
B)  The individual in the case offered a different account of her treatment than her doctors
C)  It ultimately did not offer much information on multiple personality
D)  The case study challenged conventional wisdom on multiple personality B

Question 3

Dr. Cuthbert assesses the number of new cases of pathological gamblers after a new casino is built beside Green Gables on Prince Edward Island. She is assessing the ________ of the disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  prevalence
B)  incidence
C)  base-rate
D)  case-rate B

Question 4

Professor Maddox collects data showing a correlation between grades and happiness. He concludes that being happy helps students to get better grades. Which of the following illustrates the "directionality problem" in Professor Maddox's conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students in love may be happier and get better grades.
B)  Good grades may produce happiness.
C)  Students with poor grades may drop out of school.
D)  Female (or male) students may get better grades.

Question 5

Which research method would be most useful in generating hypotheses about the cause of a newly discovered, rare form of abnormality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case study
B)  Correlational method
C)  Experimental design
D)  Single-subject ABAB design

Question 6

There were two case studies prominently discussed in the text - Chris Sizemore ("The Three Faces of Eve")and a male with zoophilia. Which case did you find more interesting and why? Why was a case study the most appropriate way to examine each case?

Accepted Answer

The answer of There were two case studies prominently discussed...

Question 7

Chris Sizemore, who was the subject of the book and movie, the Three Faces of Eve:

Accepted Answer

A)  Was actually a fictional character
B)  Was found to have only two personalities
C)  Decided to publicly reveal her story in order to cope with her ordeals
D)  Turned out to be a fake

Question 8

Dr. Roberts noted that whenever her student, Ted, was given praise for reading, he read more. She then stated that reinforcement increases his behaviour. Using this framework, ______ is a theoretical concept, whereas _______ was derived from the theory to illustrate the concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  reading; praise
B)  reinforcement; praise
C)  reading; behaviour
D)  reinforcement; reinforcement

Question 9

Dr. Bradley has been conducting a case study of Brenda P., a patient with multiple personalities. Which of the following statements by Dr. Bradley is a misuse of the case study method?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Brenda was sexually abused as a child. Therefore, all individuals with multiple personality disorder must have been abuse victims."
B)  "Since Brenda was not sexually abused, the theory that all dissociation is caused by sexual abuse must not be universally true."
C)  "Brenda was sexually molested as a child. This leads me to hypothesize that all people with multiple personalities were molested as children."
D)  All of the above are examples of inappropriate uses of the case study.

Question 10

Ladouceur et al. (1998)used a single-subject multiple-baseline design and successfully treated:

Accepted Answer

A)  The one gambler they treated
B)  2 out of 5 gamblers
C)  4 out of 5 gamblers
D)  5 out of 5 gamblers

Question 11

Theories are used to generate hypotheses, which are then tested and proven true or false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Scientists sometimes come up with theories "out of the blue."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A publication by Earls and Lalumiere (2009)about case studies of zoophilia revealed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  It is as rare now as it was 7 years earlier
B)  It is not as rare as they first concluded
C)  No definite conclusion can be drawn
D)  None of the above

Question 14

Because Graciela's mother has schizophrenia, Graciela is more likely to develop schizophrenia herself. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Risk factor
B)  Incidence
C)  Prevalence
D)  Occurrence

Question 15

Dr. Tension is studying anxiety in children. He is aware that anxiety can vary over time, though, so he plans to study the children over time. Dr. Tension is conducting research keeping _____________ in mind.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal childhood behaviour
B)  developmental trajectories
C)  directionality issues
D)  reactivity

Question 16

Statistical significance is used to evaluate

Accepted Answer

A)  the causal relationship between variables.
B)  the external validity of research results.
C)  the likelihood of repeating research results.
D)  the theoretical consistency of research results.

Question 17

A Government of Canada report (2006)suggested that __________ of First Nations and Inuit adults experienced sexual abuse in childhood.

Accepted Answer

A)  about 1 in 10
B)  more than 30%
C)  approximately half
D)  an indeterminate number (since no survey data was collected)

Question 18

A study finds that socioeconomic status is associated with child behaviour problems (r = -.75). From a correlational research perspective, which of the following conclusions is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower socioeconomic status is inversely related to child behaviour problems
B)  Child behaviour problems cause lower socioeconomic status
C)  There is a relationship between wealth and childhood behaviour problems
D)  Lower socioeconomic status is related to child behaviour problems, but does not necessarily cause the problems

Question 19

In a study on the effectiveness of therapy in treating depression, participants in the cognitive-behavioural therapy group scored significantly lower than patients in the behavioural therapy group. This difference is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  The third variable problem
B)  The directionality problem
C)  Within-group variance
D)  Between-group variance

Question 20

Qualitative research conducted with formerly depressed women (Lafrance & Stoppard, 2006)revealed that the women

Accepted Answer

A)  felt victimized by their romantic partners.
B)  felt they needed to be perfect now to make up for their behaviour when depressed.
C)  underwent a transformation and no longer felt like the same person.
D)  underwent treatment that put their depression into remission.

Exam 4: Research Methods in the Study of Abnormal Behaviour