Question 1

An emotion that emerges with the help of certain cognitive and social developments is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary emotion. 
B)  primary emotion. 
C)  social smile. 
D)  basic emotion.

Question 2

Sex differences are clear biologically based differences between males and females.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In an emotional situation, an infant will often look to a caregiver's facial cues to make a decision about responding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Bethany is 9 months old. She is happy and playful when she is with her parents; when they leave, she begins to cry. Because she is eventually able to be soothed and is pleased when her parents return, a developmentalist is likely to conclude that Bethany is ____________ attached.

Accepted Answer

A)  insecurely (avoidant) 
B)  insecurely (resistant) 
C)  insecurely (disorganized) 
D)  securely

Question 5

Approach and withdrawal behaviors describe extremes of a young child's temperament, both on the same:

Accepted Answer

A)  end of the scale. 
B)  stage. 
C)  continuum. 
D)  pattern.

Question 6

Baby Christopher and his mom are very attuned to one another. Their interactions are reciprocal and mutually rewarding. Developmentalists are likely to note that their relationship is high on:

Accepted Answer

A)  synchrony. 
B)  internal working models. 
C)  secure attachment. 
D)  none of the choices

Question 7

Piaget's theory of differentiation doesn't allow for slowly evolving differentiation during:

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescence. 
B)  the first year of life. 
C)  emerging adulthood. 
D)  the second year of life.

Question 8

When parents react calmly and minimize exposure to negative stimuli, a young child is likely to experience high:

Accepted Answer

A)  goodness-of-fit. 
B)  sociability. 
C)  IQ. 
D)  ego development.

Question 9

An infant's tendency to react with inhibitory control, attention control, low-intensity pleasure, and perpetual activity would be described as high on:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative affectivity. 
B)  extraversion/surgency. 
C)  effortful control. 
D)  none of the choices

Question 10

The part of the brain responsible for the behavioral and physiological differences in temperament is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the cerebellum. 
B)  occipital love. 
C)  Brocha's area. 
D)  the amygdala.

Question 11

Margo's parents describe her as a "good" baby. They view her as always happy; they understand her to be a baby who can easily adapt to new situations; and they recognize that she has regular patterns of eating and sleeping. Based on this description, a developmentalist would describe Margo as having a(n) _______________ temperament.

Accepted Answer

A)  difficult 
B)  easy 
C)  slow-to-warm-up 
D)  open

Question 12

Helen, 16 months old, has been eating a chocolate chip cookie. When her mom takes her to the bathroom to wash her face, Helen looks in the mirror and touches a spot of chocolate on her cheek. Based on this, her mother might take note that baby Helen:

Accepted Answer

A)  has developed self-awareness. 
B)  has not developed self-awareness. 
C)  is afraid of the mirror. 
D)  is confused by the mirror.

Question 13

When Alma was playing at the park and another girl came up to her to play, Alma hid behind her mother and was cautious to begin playing with her. Based on this scenario, we can say Alma is behaviorally:

Accepted Answer

A)  shy. 
B)  sociable. 
C)  happy. 
D)  sad.

Question 14

When 5-year-old Kori's parents see that she is distressed by the clown at her birthday party, they immediately try to soothe her and they help her avoid the clown for the rest of the party. This is an example of the way Kori's parents try to ______________ goodness-of-fit between Kori and her social world.

Accepted Answer

A)  promote 
B)  suppress 
C)  destroy 
D)  force

Question 15

Charlotte is 4 years old, and she is afraid of loud noises. To promote goodness-of-fit, her parents choose to avoid taking her to:

Accepted Answer

A)  see fireworks. 
B)  the town concert. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 16

Results from Harlow's monkey experiment demonstrated that the monkeys preferred the __________ mothers over the __________ mothers when seeking comfort.

Accepted Answer

A)  cloth; wired 
B)  wired; cloth 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 17

Differences between boys and girls can be seen as early as:

Accepted Answer

A)  2 weeks. 
B)  3 months. 
C)  1 year. 
D)  the fetal period.

Question 18

Julia is talking to her friend Mark. When Mark tells her that he is sad because his goldfish died, Julia finds herself responding to his sadness with similar feelings. Julia is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy, 
B)  pride, 
C)  guilt, 
D)  shame,

Question 19

Georgina, 9 months old, is very attached to her parents. When they take her on a playdate, she clings to her parents and appears particularly distressed when other adults, not her parents, reach out to hold her. Georgina is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  stranger anxiety. 
B)  separation anxiety. 
C)  distressed anxiety. 
D)  caregiver anxiety.

Question 20

_________ is the return to the ________ stage later in life shown through obsessive personality issues.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anal fixation, anal 
B)  Anal fixation, oral 
C)  Oral fixation, anal 
D)  Oral fixation, oral

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy: The First Two Years