Question 1

Cooperative activities,equal status and institutional support comprise

Accepted Answer

A)  ways to increase hostility between groups 
B)  ways to avoid deindividuation 
C)  Allport's conditions for optimal contact 
D)  conditions affecting social identity

Question 2

Gene sees aspects of his life as a balancing act.He frequently finds that there is a fine line between being part of the gang and expressing his individuality.What Gene is striving to achieve is

Accepted Answer

A)  optimal distinctiveness 
B)  relative homogeneity 
C)  the metacontrast principle 
D)  social mobility

Question 3

Jenny is a staunch atheist who doesn't particularly like religious people.One day at lunchtime,her fellow atheist friend Jack starts telling Jenny about an old friend he has,Tina,who is a Christian.When Jenny discovers that Jack has such a close friend who is religious,she begins to wonder 'perhaps religious people aren't quite as bad as I thought?' This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the extended contact effect 
B)  generalisation 
C)  ingroup favouritism 
D)  all of the above

Question 4

Social creativity is a type of strategy to improve social identity when

Accepted Answer

A)  there are cognitive alternatives available to induce social change 
B)  individuals can assimilate into a high-status group through various methods 
C)  there are no cognitive alternatives available to induce social change 
D)  there are artistically-oriented people in charge

Question 5

The modern study of intergroup behaviour brings together analyses involving

Accepted Answer

A)  group processes 
B)  social influence 
C)  prejudice and discrimination 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

The uniform behaviour of a large group of people who are gathered in the same place at the same time is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  a mosh pit 
B)  collective behaviour 
C)  the lemming effect 
D)  social modelling

Question 7

The relative homogeneity effect refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  policies aimed at closing the gaps between minorities and the dominant group 
B)  the process of estimating individuals' similarities relative to a standard 
C)  the tendency to view ingroup members as more differentiated than outgroup members 
D)  higher level analyses of a group that focus on commonalities rather than individual differences

Question 8

The social mobility belief system refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that social boundaries between groups are impermeable 
B)  the mass exodus of people from the city in the summer holidays 
C)  the belief that social boundaries between groups are permeable 
D)  collective action taken by individuals to challenge the status quo

Question 9

Sandra collects Cindy from the kindergarten and goes straight to the public swimming pool.When Cindy says 'I want to go 'wees'',Sandra whispers to 'just pee in the pool'.Sandra's suggestion is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  public goods dilemma 
B)  liberal upbringing 
C)  sensible parent dealing with the real world 
D)  commons dilemma

Question 10

In his book The Crowd (1908),LeBon argued that people in a crowd

Accepted Answer

A)  unleash primitive and homogenous behaviour 
B)  locate food sources before settling down 
C)  establish personal territories 
D)  relax and get to know each other

Question 11

In societies characterised by a social mobility belief system,individuals can improve the quality of their social identity by

Accepted Answer

A)  engaging in civil rights activities 
B)  assimilating into a high-status group 
C)  emigrating 
D)  challenging the higher-status group

Question 12

According to intergroup emotion theory proposed by Mackie and her colleagues,in an intergroup context

Accepted Answer

A)  negative emotions about an outgroup can lead to discrimination against the outgroup 
B)  our 'collective' self appraises whether a situation will harm or benefit 'us' 
C)  positive emotions about an ingroup should lead to ingroup solidarity 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

Helga has been living here for almost a decade now.Despite her German accent she sees herself as a local.Her group identification is at the core of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-categorisation 
B)  groupthink 
C)  identity loss 
D)  deindividuation

Question 14

Social categorisation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a process associated with the realistic conflict theory 
B)  the attitude that precedes discrimination 
C)  collective attribution 
D)  the process of classifying people as members of different social groups

Question 15

The free-rider effect occurs when people

Accepted Answer

A)  take buses instead of drive cars 
B)  use train concession cards 
C)  cause costs to others by pursuing their self-interest 
D)  indulge in car-pooling

Question 16

Group-based behavioural strategies can make individuals' social identity more positive.One way is to confront the dominant group's position directly.This is

Accepted Answer

A)  social competition 
B)  revolution 
C)  intergroup confrontation 
D)  social mobility

Question 17

According to Zimbardo (1970)deindividuation

Accepted Answer

A)  induces behaviour that is normative in our society 
B)  provides a cloak of anonymity that diffuses individual responsibility 
C)  heightens concern for social evaluation 
D)  makes us very conscious of who we are

Question 18

An aspect of yourself arises from your group membership(s).It is your

Accepted Answer

A)  social identity 
B)  ethnic/cultural identity 
C)  personal identity 
D)  sense of belongingness

Question 19

LeBon's 1908 theory on crowd behaviour has influenced modern theories because he argued that

Accepted Answer

A)  only despotic leaders use crowds for their own purposes 
B)  crowd behaviour has pathological and abnormal elements 
C)  the more people in the crowd, the more primitive they become 
D)  crowds trigger pre-modern behaviours

Question 20

According to Crosby's (1982)paradox,the 'contented female worker' does not protest against her lower pay compared to her male counterparts because she

Accepted Answer

A)  compares her circumstances with other females 
B)  does not buy into power hierarchies 
C)  has no avenues for social protest 
D)  devalues female work skills

Exam 11: Intergroup Behaviour