Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a part of the swallowing reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiration is inhibited. 
B) The glottis closes. 
C) The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes. 
D) The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes. 
E) The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

Question 2

Which of the following breakfasts would likely remain in the stomach longest?

Accepted Answer

A) Toast,orange juice,and coffee 
B) Fried eggs,bacon,and hash browns 
C) A bowl of cereal with skim milk 
D) A boiled egg,toast,and juice 
E) The type of meal has no effect on the rate of gastric emptying.

Question 3

Normally,the amount of bicarbonate ions secreted into the intestine nearly equals the amount of acid secreted by the stomach during digestion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Following diagnosis with pancreatic cancer,Neil had a large portion of his pancreas removed.Which of the following hormones will now be found in lower amounts?

Accepted Answer

A) Vasopressin 
B) Thryoid hormone 
C) CCK 
D) Oxytocin 
E) Insulin

Question 5

Which occurs mainly in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A) Gastrin is secreted. 
B) H⁺ is secreted from epithelial cells into the lumen. 
C) Pepsinogen is activated. 
D) Acidic chyme is neutralized. 
E) Bile salts are manufactured.

Question 6

Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In general,sympathetic stimulation increases gastric secretion and motility,while parasympathetic stimulation decreases these two processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Elizabeth suffers from a gastric ulcer.She experiences pain during the times when acid is released into the stomach.Which of the following times is Elizabeth likely to experience the most pain?

Accepted Answer

A) Elizabeth is likely to be in the same amount of pain all the time. 
B) During the digestion of a high-fat meal,such as greasy French fries. 
C) During the digestion of a high-protein meal,such as a steak. 
D) During periods of hunger. 
E) During digestion of a high-carbohydrate meal,such as a bagel.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. 
B) Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase. 
C) Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose,galactose,and fructose,which can be absorbed. 
D) Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium. 
E) Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

Question 10

The presence of food in the mouth stimulates salivary gland secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding neural regulation of gastrointestinal function is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Networks of neurons in the wall of the GI tract innervate the wall's smooth muscle. 
B) Smooth muscle of the GI tract is innervated by both sympathetic and somatic motor nerves. 
C) If the autonomic nerves to the GI tract were cut,digestion and absorption of food could no longer take place. 
D) The nerve plexus of the GI tract exists in a single layer,just outside of the serosa. 
E) There are no afferent neuronal pathways from the GI tract to the central nervous system.

Question 12

What structure secretes the enzyme that breaks down starch to smaller carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A) The esophagus 
B) Pancreatic exocrine cells 
C) Pancreatic duct cells 
D) The liver 
E) The large intestine

Question 13

Which is caused by increased levels of the hormone cholecystokinin?

Accepted Answer

A) Contraction of the sphincter of Oddi 
B) Inhibition of pancreatic enzyme secretion 
C) Contraction of the gallbladder 
D) Secretion of HCO₃⁻ from the pancreatic duct cells 
E) Secretion of gastric H⁺

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning secretin is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The most potent stimulus for secretin secretion is the presence of fat in the duodenum. 
B) Secretin is the most potent stimulus for pancreatic digestive enzyme secretion. 
C) Secretin is the most potent stimulus for pancreatic HCO₃⁻ secretion. 
D) Secretin stimulates secretion by the parietal and chief cells. 
E) Secretin stimulates gastrin secretion by parietal cells.

Question 15

Short chains of amino acids and some intact proteins are absorbed from the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which is TRUE about gastric motility?

Accepted Answer

A) The basic electrical rhythm of the gastric smooth muscle (three depolarizations per minute)is the same regardless of whether or not food is present. 
B) Gastric contractions are strongest in the fundus of the stomach. 
C) The force of contraction is decreased by gastrin and increased by enterogastrones. 
D) When a wave of excitation reaches the pyloric sphincter,action potentials become inhibitory and the sphincter opens wide to allow chyme to exit. 
E) The term "slow waves" refer to gastric contractions,while "pacemaker" refers to gastric action potentials.

Question 17

Bicarbonate is

Accepted Answer

A) secreted into the lumen by gastric epithelial cells and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic duct cells. 
B) secreted into the lumen by pancreatic acinar (exocrine)cells,and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic duct cells. 
C) secreted into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells,and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic acinar (exocrine)cells. 
D) secreted into the interstitial fluid by gastric epithelial cells,and into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells. 
E) secreted into the lumen by both gastric epithelial cells and pancreatic duct cells.

Question 18

Which of the following would be most likely to cause metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Severe vomiting 
B) Severe diarrhea 
C) Hyperventilation 
D) Hypoventilation 
E) Traveling to high altitude

Question 19

The primary function of the large intestine is to store and dilute unabsorbed fecal material.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the transport of the absorbed products of fat digestion is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. 
B) Products of fat digestion first go to the lymph system,and then to the veins leading to the heart. 
C) Triglycerides are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein to be processed. 
D) Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are assembled into triglycerides before they are absorbed from the lumen of the gut into epithelial cells lining the tract. 
E) Products of fat digestion are absorbed in the distal portion of the ileum,bound to intrinsic factor.

Exam 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Which of the following is NOT a part of the swallowing reflex?

Which of the following breakfasts would likely remain in the stomach longest?

Normally,the amount of bicarbonate ions secreted into the intestine nearly equals the amount of acid secreted by the stomach during digestion.

Following diagnosis with pancreatic cancer,Neil had a large portion of his pancreas removed.Which of the following hormones will now be found in lower amounts?

Which occurs mainly in the small intestine?

Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin.

In general,sympathetic stimulation increases gastric secretion and motility,while parasympathetic stimulation decreases these two processes.

Elizabeth suffers from a gastric ulcer.She experiences pain during the times when acid is released into the stomach.Which of the following times is Elizabeth likely to experience the most pain?

Which of the following statements regarding digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is TRUE?

The presence of food in the mouth stimulates salivary gland secretion.

Which of the following statements regarding neural regulation of gastrointestinal function is TRUE?

What structure secretes the enzyme that breaks down starch to smaller carbohydrates?

Which is caused by increased levels of the hormone cholecystokinin?

Which of the following statements concerning secretin is correct?

Short chains of amino acids and some intact proteins are absorbed from the small intestine.

Which is TRUE about gastric motility?

Bicarbonate is

Which of the following would be most likely to cause metabolic acidosis?

The primary function of the large intestine is to store and dilute unabsorbed fecal material.

Which of the following statements about the transport of the absorbed products of fat digestion is TRUE?