Question 1

_____ is the preferred term in referring to the ancestral species related to humans because it is more precise.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hominid 
B)  Hominin 
C)  Human 
D)  Humanoid

Question 2

Many neuroscientists view evolution in terms of increasing the size of the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain. 
B)  cell columns. 
C)  convolutions. 
D)  neurons.

Question 3

Even without an external task to perform, our mind is constantly working. It jumps from one thought to another. William James called this process the _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even without an external task to perform,...

Question 4

An important development that came with the larger brains in primates was the ability to connect information processing with _____, an ability that eventually led to a sense of self in humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  plans 
B)  time 
C)  source 
D)  space

Question 5

If a particular characteristic was present in the ancestors of the group under study, it is called a _____ characteristic; if, on the other hand, the characteristic has evolved in the group under study, it is called a _____ characteristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  hierarchical, integrated 
B)  homologous, analogous 
C)  inherited, acquired 
D)  primitive, derived

Question 6

The neural networks that are active during internal processing are called the brain's _____, which is most active when individuals are engaged in private thoughts or left alone to think about real or hypothetical events.

Accepted Answer

A)  default network 
B)  limbic system 
C)  R-complex 
D)  stream of consciousness

Question 7

The nervous system of nocturnal mammals encouraged the evolution of _____, which later evolved into humans' ability to create internal representations of external events.

Accepted Answer

A)  consciousness 
B)  gray matter 
C)  mental images 
D)  spatial maps

Question 8

In tracing the development of primitive characteristics, Darwin reminds us to consider primitive and specialized characteristics as a _____ rather than a direct and single line, keeping in mind that different species have unique histories of evolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In tracing the development of primitive characteristics,...

Question 9

_____ is the name given to a condition in which individuals report an inability to see objects but can accurately "guess" the location of the object; this condition is generally found in people who have had brain damage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is the name given to a...

Question 10

If an observed similarity between two species is due to a shared evolutionary history, it is called a _____ similarity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an observed similarity between two species...

Question 11

Humans today share a number of characteristics with sea mammals. Which of the following is NOT one such characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  chubby babies 
B)  considerable body hair 
C)  subcutaneous body fat 
D)  voluntary control of breathing

Question 12

The _____, or R-complex, which includes the brain stem and cerebellum, processes major life requirements such as breathing, temperature regulation, and sleep cycles as well as fairly structured behavioral patterns such as territoriality, courtship and hunting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____, or R-complex, which includes the...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a level in MacLean's triune brain theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  machiavellian 
B)  neomammalian 
C)  paleomammalian 
D)  reptilian

Question 14

The _____ includes the hippocampus, olfactory cortex, and other related areas; one of its main features is that it does not have the six-layered structure of the neocortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ includes the hippocampus, olfactory cortex,...

Question 15

When a similarity between two species is due to an independent evolutionary history, this is called _____ similarity; bat wings and bird wings are an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a similarity between two species is...

Question 16

As a general rule, you can say that _____ matter is involved in the processing of information, whereas _____ matter is involved in moving information from one area of the brain to another.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortical, subcortical 
B)  gray, white 
C)  subcortical, cortical 
D)  white, gray

Question 17

Around 2.4 million years ago, humans experienced a mutation in gene MYH16, which led to smaller jaw muscles. This mutation allowed us to

Accepted Answer

A)  develop more complex language skills. 
B)  devote more of the area of the skull to the brain. 
C)  change our diet, such as eating more meat. 
D)  use our hands rather than our teeth in food preparation.

Question 18

Hughling Jackson proposed that over evolutionary time human brains have developed more general-purpose processing systems without replacing the earlier special-purpose processing mechanisms. This principle is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hughling Jackson proposed that over evolutionary time...

Question 19

Mammals have evolved a brain structure different from that of other organisms, namely the six-layered

Accepted Answer

A)  allocortex. 
B)  archicortex. 
C)  neocortex. 
D) paleocortex.

Question 20

In the case of humans, evolution has had to make a trade off between the requirement of walking upright and the development of a large brain; as a result, human infants need more _____ than other primate infants.

Accepted Answer

A)  instincts 
B)  nutrition 
C)  stimulation 
D)  support

Exam 4: Evolution of Brain and Function