Question 1

Psychologists like Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson theorized that humans go through stages in their development throughout life,growing from infancy to old age.Piaget outlined stages of thinking or cognitive development,and Erikson described stages of personality or psychosocial development.How can you use this information to better understand your own life? What stages of cognitive and psychosocial development have you gone through since you were an infant? Which stages will you go through as you develop into adulthood and old age?
In a multiparagraph essay,describe all the different stages of cognitive and psychosocial development throughout your life span.Be sure to provide examples to illustrate the thoughts,emotions,and behavior typical of each stage.Include details from class materials,readings,and research on human development to support your discussion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists like Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson...

Question 2

When Zach first started playing video games,he was able to focus very attentively on the game,but only for limited periods of time.By about sixth grade,his attention span started to lengthen significantly each year.Which model or theory does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A) Theory of mind 
B) Zone of proximal development 
C) Information processing model 
D) Ecological development

Question 3

The emotional bonding linking an infant to a parent or caregiver is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) attachment 
B) reinforcement 
C) dependency 
D) goodness of fit

Question 4

During pregnancy,which organ provides the developing fetus with nutrients and oxygen,and protects it from exposure to a variety of toxins and disease-causing agents?

Accepted Answer

A) Placenta 
B) Ovaries 
C) Uterus 
D) Endoderm

Question 5

A mother's use of alcohol,tobacco,marijuana,or cocaine during pregnancy can significantly reduce ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the development of the amygdala in her child's brain 
B) the volume of gray matter in her child's brain 
C) the development of the hippocampus in her child's brain 
D) the volume of white matter in her child's brain

Question 6

In which of the following two scenarios does Grace demonstrate that she has developed theory of mind?
(1)Grace accidentally pops Max's red balloon.Max is furious and heartbroken.Grace tells her mother "Max thinks I did it on purpose."
(2)Grace and Max play contentedly side by side with their blocks.Max builds a tower and Grace pushes it over believing that Max will think,as she does,that watching it fall is fun.

Accepted Answer

A) Scenario (1)only 
B) Scenario (2)only 
C) Scenarios (1)and (2) 
D) Neither scenario

Question 7

Which of the following reflects the view of contemporary developmental psychologists and is in contrast to Piaget's analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's abilities to understand objects in their world depend on their development of language abilities. 
B) Very young children seem to understand a great deal about objects and how they work,even before they have had much experience interacting with them. 
C) Very young children seem to understand a great deal about objects and how they work,once they have gained substantial experience interacting with them. 
D) Children's abilities to understand objects in their world develop slowly over time.

Question 8

Alex is 15 years old.He doesn't have a part-time job,his grades are poor,and his parents are worried that he is skipping school.Recently he is becoming very involved in political issues,including the legalization of medical use marijuana.According to Piaget,Alex is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operational 
B) formal operational 
C) sensorimotor 
D) preoperational

Question 9

Contemporary views on human development focus on age-related changes that occur ____.

Accepted Answer

A) from infancy to puberty 
B) during childhood and adolescence 
C) until the brain is fully developed 
D) across the entire life span

Question 10

Louie is 10 years old.He is becoming quite good at arguing with his parents over such topics as what his bedtime should be and whether he has eaten enough of his dinner to have dessert.He loves toys and projects that involve hands-on learning,but cannot yet handle abstract concepts.According to Piaget,Louie is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) formal operational 
B) sensorimotor 
C) preoperational 
D) concrete operational

Question 11

Jenny,age 16,and her mother Alice are looking at family photographs and focus on one of Arthur (Jenny's dad and Alice's husband).They interpret the expression on his face very differently.When Arthur gets home,he confirms Alice's interpretation of the picture.Jenny's error can be explained by the fact that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Alice has more gray matter than Jenny 
B) Jenny's amygdala has matured before her frontal lobes 
C) Jenny's frontal lobes has matured before her amygdala 
D) Jenny has more white matter than Alice

Question 12

Which of the following is an accurate definition of accommodation?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present 
B) The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema,without the need to revise the schema 
C) The ability to understand that changing the form or appearance of an object does not change its quantity 
D) The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema

Question 13

What role does habituation play in evaluating a baby's sensory capacities?

Accepted Answer

A) When the baby spends equal time looking at two stimuli,he or she has likely learned to distinguish between them. 
B) When the baby cries while looking at a familiar stimulus,he or she likely is not yet habituated to it. 
C) When the baby cries while looking at an unfamiliar stimulus,he or she has likely become habituated to it. 
D) When the baby spends equal time looking at two stimuli,he or she likely cannot tell the difference between them.

Question 14

Which of the following types of intelligence is most likely to change due to aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Crystallized intelligence 
B) Emotional intelligence 
C) General intelligence 
D) Fluid intelligence

Question 15

In some cultures,children are encouraged to walk earlier or later than what would be considered the average age in the United States (Super,1976).With this in mind,which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Changes in the developmental timeline are virtually imperceptible because motor milestones are genetic. 
B) Changes in the developmental timeline are generally quite dramatic depending on the culture. 
C) Changes in the developmental timeline are usually slight because myelination of motor nerves usually just precedes the achievement of a new skill. 
D) Changes in the developmental timeline can take place only during the spurt of myelination that occurs between ages 6 and 13.

Question 16

A period of physical changes leading to sexual maturity is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) adolescence 
B) secondary sex characteristics 
C) menarche 
D) puberty

Question 17

With regard to developmental themes,your text emphasizes ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the genetic heritage of individuals 
B) the influence of families on behavior 
C) the interactions between nature and nurture 
D) the environmental influences on development

Question 18

Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2000)show that healthy aging is accompanied by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a significant and rapid decline in the speed of learning and problem solving 
B) a steady and debilitating decline in cognition,vision,and hearing from age 50 onward 
C) mild changes in the speed of learning and problem solving and that most of these observable changes occur very late in life 
D) deep changes in intellect and sensory capacities,some of which are remediable

Question 19

What is the best description of the starting point for midlife?

Accepted Answer

A) It begins with certain physical changes. 
B) It begins between 40 and 45 years of age. 
C) It is defined differently by different people. 
D) It is indicated by a growing sense of mortality.

Question 20

Professor Apkode teaches college classes in an evening program,and has students of all ages.Tonight they are discussing whether human rights are universal or vary according to cultural values.One student,Harry,clearly enjoys debating the pros and cons of each position,while another student,Carl,expresses frustration that he can't figure out the correct answer.Harry is engaging in ____ thought.

Accepted Answer

A) formal 
B) postformal 
C) conventional 
D) anticonventional

Exam 11: The Developing Mind Life Span Development