Question 1

Identify some of the differences between the cognitive and behavioral perspectives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify some of the differences between the...

Question 2

The term "hypothesis" literally means

Accepted Answer

A)  prediction. 
B)  knowledge derived from common sense. 
C)  an informed hunch. 
D)  little theory. 
E)  belief system.

Question 3

Psychologists gather data using

Accepted Answer

A)  media reports. 
B)  empirical investigations. 
C)  common sense. 
D)  second-hand reference. 
E)  careful thought.

Question 4

If there is a positive correlation between the number of children a person has and their overall life satisfaction, we would find that people with more children

Accepted Answer

A)  consistently find less satisfaction with their lives. 
B)  are less satisfied with their lives than are people with fewer children. 
C)  are no more or less satisfied than those with fewer children. 
D)  are more satisfied with their lives than are people with fewer children. 
E)  are less satisfied with their lives than they were before they had children.

Question 5

Noted Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle observed that

Accepted Answer

A)  brain damage contributed to most mental disorders. 
B)  emotions were caused by changes in brain chemistry. 
C)  "truth" was determined by careful testing procedures. 
D)  emotions can distort thinking. 
E)  emotions were not worthy of scientific discussion.

Question 6

Random assignment

Accepted Answer

A)  ensures that studies can be replicated. 
B)  is a good way to define the dependent variable. 
C)  is difficult to achieve in research. 
D)  must be used with great caution. 
E)  minimizes any potential differences between the control and experimental groups.

Question 7

A behavioral psychologist studying the causes of alcohol usage would most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  ask people why they consume alcohol. 
B)  observe whether people have a positive or negative experience after consuming alcohol. 
C)  measure brain changes following alcohol consumption. 
D)  determine patterns of alcohol usage within different cultures. 
E)  ask people how they feel while they are consuming alcohol.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is a formal definition of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychology is the scientific study of human nature. 
B)  Psychology is the scientific study of theories and research methods. 
C)  Psychology is the scientific study of the process of learning and modifying behavioral reflexes. 
D)  Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 
E)  Psychology is the scientific study of groups of people.

Question 9

In a well-designed experiment, subjects must be ________ to experimental conditions to control for other factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  stratified 
B)  correlated 
C)  randomized 
D)  dispersed 
E)  controlled

Question 10

The American Psychological Association guidelines state that research participants must

Accepted Answer

A)  be paid (or rewarded) for their participation. 
B)  never be deceived under any circumstances. 
C)  never participate in blind research. 
D)  be debriefed after the study if the research involves deception. 
E)  waive their right to privacy if they volunteer for a study.

Question 11

Gina wants to conduct a study of discrimination based on looks in hiring practices. Gina selects two candidates with equivalent qualifications, one extremely attractive and the other of average attractiveness. She sends them to interview for the same job. The dependent variable in Gina's experiment is

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative attractiveness of the two candidates. 
B)  the qualifications of the two candidates. 
C)  the type of job the candidates apply for. 
D)  the response of the interviewer to each candidate. 
E)  the number of candidates who interviewed for the job.

Question 12

Describe a benefit of incorporating sociocultural perspectives into mainstream psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a benefit of incorporating sociocultural perspectives...

Question 13

The ________ variable is the outcome variable and is believed to be affected by the variable manipulated by the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

A)  intervening 
B)  predictor 
C)  dependent 
D)  independent 
E)  randomized

Question 14

Dr. Jones probably agrees with the ________ theory of psychology, since he contends that humans are intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  behavioral 
C)  cognitive 
D)  evolutionary 
E)  developmental

Question 15

A study in which participation is NOT truly voluntary and informed is said to involve

Accepted Answer

A)  a double-blind control. 
B)  debriefing. 
C)  deception. 
D)  vivisection. 
E)  counterconditioning.

Question 16

French philosopher René Descartes most likely would believe that individuals suffer from schizophrenia due to

Accepted Answer

A)  irrational ways of interpreting events in the world. 
B)  unconscious conflicts involving sexuality and aggression. 
C)  whether an individual lives in a destructive society 
D)  the upbringing of the person. 
E)  activity within the person's nervous system.

Question 17

"Differences in individuals are a result of differences in persistent characteristics and internal dispositions." This is the basic premise of which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  trait and temperament psychology 
B)  psychodynamic theory 
C)  structuralism 
D)  functionalism 
E)  Gestalt psychology

Question 18

If a functionalist from the 1870s were alive today, where would we most likely find him?

Accepted Answer

A)  in a laboratory, studying principles of perception 
B)  in a school, working to improve teaching methods 
C)  in a mountain retreat, contemplating the meaning of life 
D)  in a sleep laboratory, trying to determine if our need for sleep is biologically based 
E)  in a hospital doing research into the neurochemicals that have survived various "levels" of human evolution

Question 19

The first step in any scientific investigation is

Accepted Answer

A)  forming the hypothesis. 
B)  perceiving the question. 
C)  coming to a conclusion. 
D)  developing an argument. 
E)  identifying research participants.

Question 20

After the abduction and murder of a well-known business leader, lawmakers immediately passed new legislation for increased penalties. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  realistic bias. 
C)  volitional bias. 
D)  reactive bias. 
E)  emotional bias.

Exam 1: Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science