Question 1

The physical trace that is the biological basis of memory is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  phoneme. 
B)  schema. 
C)  long-term potentiation. 
D)  engram. 
E)  phosgene.

Question 2

If one wants to increase the capacity of working memory, more items can be held through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  chunking. 
B)  decoding. 
C)  rote rehearsal. 
D)  data compression. 
E)  priming.

Question 3

Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic memory. 
B)  semantic memory. 
C)  working memory. 
D)  implicit memory. 
E)  procedural memory.

Question 4

The memory failure caused by transience is adaptive in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  removes unneeded information from LTM. 
B)  retains the most important information. 
C)  eliminates memories that conflict with our beliefs. 
D)  makes it difficult to encode sensory memories. 
E)  ensures memories are stored by both sight and sound.

Question 5

Which memory system is the one that is a working, active system that processes the information within it?

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term memory 
B)  working memory 
C)  secondary memory 
D)  cognitive memory 
E)  phenomenological memory

Question 6

Flashbulb memories

Accepted Answer

A)  are not subject to periodic revision. 
B)  usually concern events that are emotionally charged. 
C)  are almost always highly accurate. 
D)  usually concern events from early childhood. 
E)  are more subject to decay than regular memories.

Question 7

Many middle-aged adults can vividly recall where they were and what they were doing the day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated, although they cannot remember what they were doing the day before he was assassinated. This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  eidetic image. 
B)  flashbulb memory. 
C)  semantic memory. 
D)  procedural memory. 
E)  TOT memory.

Question 8

"The effectiveness of memory retrieval is directly related to the similarity of cues present when the memory was encoded to the cues present when the memory is retrieved." What concept does this statement describe?

Accepted Answer

A)  memorability 
B)  registered learning 
C)  encoding specificity 
D)  accessible decoding 
E)  mood congruency

Question 9

When you hear a phone number and are able to recall it for a brief period, the phone number is thought to reside within ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  working 
C)  gustatory 
D)  procedural 
E)  long-term

Question 10

A sensory memory is an impression formed from

Accepted Answer

A)  input from any of the senses. 
B)  thoughts and feelings of early childhood. 
C)  cognitions. 
D)  reinforcers. 
E)  chunking.

Question 11

Interference is most likely under what conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interference is most likely under what conditions?...

Question 12

The best place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in

Accepted Answer

A)  the biology classroom 
B)  an auditorium to prevent cheating 
C)  the English classroom 
D)  the special testing room used for all exams 
E)  silence

Question 13

Bob sells lamps for a living. In order to help people remember his telephone number, he requests the number 981-5267. Bob advertises his number as 981-LAMP. Bob is hoping that ________ will aid his customers in remembering his phone number.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition 
B)  recall 
C)  maintenance rehearsal 
D)  elaborative rehearsal 
E)  engrams

Question 14

Jamal is trying to buy something over the phone. He asks his partner to read him his credit card number. However, when he tries to repeat it to the sales clerk on the other end of the line, he can't remember all the numbers. Jamal is coming up against

Accepted Answer

A)  the decay of numerical memory 
B)  the extinction of auditory traces. 
C)  George Miller's magic number 7, plus or minus 2. 
D)  the limits of procedural memory. 
E)  the problem of absent-mindedness.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  All memories are stored in one place in the brain. 
B)  Memories are randomly distributed throughout the brain. 
C)  Different parts of the brain are specialized for the storage of memories. 
D)  Almost all memories are primarily stored in the brain stem. 
E)  Though many structures contribute to memory, the destruction of the hypothalamus would destroy a person's set of memory skills.

Question 16

Suppose you're pitching in a baseball game facing a good hitter. You remember that you struck him out with a fastball the last time he was up. You also remember that your coach told you always to try to be unpredictable, so you decide to throw a curve ball this time. In making this decision, you are primarily using your

Accepted Answer

A)  central executive. 
B)  fight-or-flight response. 
C)  modality-specific memory. 
D)  long-term potentiation. 
E)  encoding executive.

Question 17

The sensory register for vision is called ________ memory, whereas the sensory register for hearing is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  declarative; procedural 
B)  olfactory; auditory 
C)  implicit; explicit 
D)  explicit; implicit 
E)  iconic; echoic

Question 18

Name and discuss at least five reasons why the memory of a healthy person may fail.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and discuss at least five reasons...

Question 19

We are always aware of ________ memory whereas ________ memory may be incidentally learned.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic; episodic 
B)  implicit; explicit 
C)  episodic; semantic 
D)  explicit; implicit 
E)  semantic; procedural

Question 20

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  phi phenomenon. 
B)  implicit memory effect. 
C)  serial position effect. 
D)  sequestering effect. 
E)  location parallax.

Exam 5: Memory