Question 1

Briefly describe the three categories of prevention and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The three categories of prevention are primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

- Primary prevention focuses on preventing the occurrence of a disease or injury before it ever happens. An example of this is promoting vaccination to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as measles or influenza.

- Secondary prevention involves detecting and treating a disease or injury at an early stage before it becomes more severe. An example of this is regular cancer screenings to detect tumors before they spread and become more difficult to treat.

- Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. An example of this is providing rehabilitation services for individuals who have suffered a stroke to help them regain mobility and independence.

Question 2

Juveniles as a group are responsible for a small percentage of arrests compared with adults, although they are arrested disproportionately compared with other age groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Prevention and treatment programs that are designed to foster and maintain resilience in youth are also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   strength-based programs.
B)   power-based programs.
C)   selective programs.
D)   individual-oriented programs.
E)   resiliency-focused programs. A

Question 4

According to Loeber et al. (2003), child delinquents _______ compared to adolescents who begin offending in their teens.

Accepted Answer

A)   are two to three times more likely to become serious violent and chronic offenders
B)   commit more serious offenses.
C)   are twice as likely to have a diagnosed mental disorder.
D)   are three times more likely to have an undiagnosed mental disorder.
E)   commit less serious offenses.

Question 5

The statute that allows the detention or supervision of a juvenile presumed to be in need of protection is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   Status Protection
B)   Brawner Rule
C)   the Smith-Carlson Act
D)   Incorrigibilty Rule
E)   PINS

Question 6

Waaktaar et al. (2004) conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths. The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention. What were these four factors?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive family relations, self-esteem, creativity, and interpersonal skills
B)   Positive peer relations, self-efficacy, creativity, and coherence
C)   Positive family relations, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and coherence
D)   Positive peer relations, creativity, self-esteem, and academic skills
E)   Positive peer relations, academic skills, positive family relations and self-esteem

Question 7

There is good evidence that most serious, persistent delinquency and crime patterns usually begin early and worsen with age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What are the pros and cons of removing status offenses from state juvenile courts?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the pros and cons of...

Question 9

A school curriculum designed to promote self-esteem, self-efficacy, and improved problem-solving skills in inner-city fourth-grade Black children through a culturally based curriculum is known as Project:

Accepted Answer

A)   GAIN.
B)   Culture.
C)   Attainment.
D)   SELF.
E)   Green Light.

Question 10

Scott Henggeler and his colleagues have designed a treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders that is responsive to many of the social systems influencing the child's delinquent behavior. This treatment approach is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   multisystemic therapy.
B)   restrictive intervention.
C)   Gestalt therapy.
D)   rehabilitative intervention.
E)   a and c.

Question 11

Poor interpersonal skills, conduct disorders, and difficult temperaments are often found in the background of _____offenders.

Accepted Answer

A)   AL
B)   ADHD
C)   LCP
D)   delinquent
E)   status

Question 12

Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have committed serious offenses is known as _____ intervention.

Accepted Answer

A)   detention
B)   restrictive
C)   RNR
D)   supplemental
E)   tertiary

Question 13

Which of the following is not a status offense?

Accepted Answer

A)   Running away
B)   Incorrigibility
C)   Underage drinking
D)   Truancy
E)   Cocaine use

Question 14

A boy who hits at age three, shoplifts at age ten, commits burglary at age 19 and rapes at 26 would be considered a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)   life-course persistent offender.
B)   ADHD offender.
C)   adolescent-limited offender.
D)   antisocial offender.
E)   incorrigible delinquent.

Question 15

Research suggests that serious juvenile offenders:

Accepted Answer

A)   demonstrate poor social skills.
B)   have relatively low recidivism rates.
C)   have are highly motivated to change their behavior.
D)   specialize in one offense throughout their delinquent careers.
E)   are destined to become violent offenders in later years.

Question 16

The traditional form of treatment where youths are incarcerated for extended periods of time and often until they reach adulthood is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   residential treatment.
B)   the training school.
C)   the rehabilitation center.
D)   all the above.
E)   none of the above.

Question 17

Which status offense has substantially increased in recent years?

Accepted Answer

A)   Running away.
B)   Incorrigibility.
C)   Underage drinking.
D)   Truancy.
E)   Cocaine use.

Question 18

Female delinquency has steadily decreased since 1995.

Accepted Answer