Question 1

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear to a rat,Watson and Rayner wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit,cotton wool,and a Santa Claus mask.They were studying whether or not _____________________ had occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) behaviour modification 
B) stimulus discrimination 
C) extinction 
D) stimulus generalization

Question 2

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs,and they began to salivate.Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps.The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a:

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcer. 
B) positive reinforcer. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) secondary reinforcer.

Question 3

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning)is called:

Accepted Answer

A) the learning/performance distinction. 
B) imitational learning outcome. 
C) the delayed learning paradigm. 
D) the observational delayed effect.

Question 4

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her,her mother gives him a piece of candy.The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward.The girl's learning to share is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) observational learning.

Question 5

Unlike mammals,birds seem to develop conditioned aversions to food based on which sense?

Accepted Answer

A) taste 
B) smell 
C) vision 
D) touch

Question 6

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behaviour is:

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) experiential learning.

Question 7

Bill hates to clean up after dinner.One night,he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up.When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen,his wife has cleaned everything up for him.Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

A) Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog. 
B) Bill's wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog. 
C) Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog. 
D) Bill will never bathe the dog again.

Question 8

One of the early cognitive learning theorists was?

Accepted Answer

A) Edward Tolman 
B) John Watson 
C) B.F.Skinner 
D) Maria Spetch

Question 9

Current views of conditioning by psychologists,such as Rescorla,indicate that learning is completely automatic and has nothing to do with cognitive processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

You train your dog,Milo,to salivate at the sound of a bell.Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't follow the ringing with food for Milo.He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings.But the next morning,when you ring the bell,Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?

Accepted Answer

A) higher order conditioning 
B) stimulus generalization 
C) spontaneous recovery 
D) CR resurrection

Question 11

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park.One day when you arrive at the park you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven't seen for years,and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park.Even though the paths are complicated and twisted,you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin.Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) insight. 
C) the formation of a cognitive map. 
D) learning/performance distinction.

Question 12

The acronym UCR stands for:

Accepted Answer

A) unconditional reinforcement. 
B) uniformly conditioned response. 
C) unconditional response. 
D) unconditioned response.

Question 13

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ___________ and,thus,________ the probability of a response.

Accepted Answer

A) removed; increases 
B) removed; decreases 
C) presented; increases 
D) presented; decreases

Question 14

Slot machines use a very effective reward system known as ________ because with this reward schedule you just never know which play will turn out to be a winner

Accepted Answer

A) a variable-ratio schedule 
B) a fixed-ratio schedule 
C) a fixed-interval schedule 
D) a continuous schedule

Question 15

A congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,D.C.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.The work of psychologist _________ is most relevant to their discussions?

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura 
B) Tolman 
C) Skinner 
D) Pavlov

Question 16

Classical conditioning was so named because it used classical music to condition Pavlov's dogs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Cindy hates to clean up after dinner.One night she volunteers to bathe the baby before cleaning up.When she finishes with the baby and returns to the kitchen,her husband has cleaned up everything.Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

A) Cindy will start cleaning up. 
B) Cindy's husband has positively reinforced her for bathing the baby. 
C) Cindy's husband has negatively reinforced her for bathing the baby. 
D) Cindy will never bathe the baby again.

Question 18

Which is the most important characteristic of a food that is linked to a conditioned taste aversion for dogs?

Accepted Answer

A) taste 
B) smell 
C) vision 
D) touch

Question 19

Seligman extended his theory of learned helplessness to explain:

Accepted Answer

A) autism. 
B) ADHD. 
C) schizophrenia. 
D) depression.

Question 20

Carmen is trying to use her computer.However,whenever she touches the mouse,she gets a shock.Quickly,she learns to avoid using the mouse.Jared has a mouse that sometimes buzzes.If he touches it while it's buzzing,there is no shock.If he touches it when it isn't buzzing,he gets a shock.Jared quickly learns to use his mouse only when it's buzzing.These behaviours by both Carmen and Jared are examples of the _______ view of learning.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive perspective 
B) stimulus substitution 
C) operant conditioning 
D) Law of Effect

Exam 5: Learning