Question 1

In the context of the five-factor model,who among the following used the 4,500 presumably stable traits identified by Allport and Odbert as a starting point for his lexical analysis of personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A) Raymond Cattell 
B) Fiske 
C) Norman 
D) Christal

Question 2

The approach that uses the natural language as its logical starting point is the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A) lexical 
B) theoretical 
C) statistical 
D) act frequency

Question 3

In the context of the empirical correlates of the Big Five factors,individuals high in openness:

Accepted Answer

A) are highly likely to hold negative racial stereotypes. 
B) have a tunnel vision and are able to easily ignore competing stimuli. 
C) are highly unlikely to engage in cross-sex friendships on social networks. 
D) show higher levels of musical sophistication.

Question 4

In the Wiggins circumplex model,traits that are bipolar are:

Accepted Answer

A) related to clinical disorders. 
B) uncorrelated with each other. 
C) located at opposite sides of the circumplex. 
D) orthogonal to each other.

Question 5

In the past few decades,the taxonomy of personality traits that has received the most attention and support from personality researchers has been _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the PEN model 
B) Cattell's taxonomy of 16 personality traits 
C) the Wiggins circumplex 
D) the five-factor model

Question 6

In the context of Goldberg's key adjective markers of the Big Five,identify a scenario based on Mike et al.(2014)studies that best exemplifies an individual who would most likely score high on conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

A) Simone has decided to represent her company in an upcoming event. 
B) Jenifer has opted to do volunteer work post her retirement. 
C) Keith has opted to pursue his career in theater. 
D) Jonathon has decided to adopt an injured puppy that was found near his workplace.

Question 7

In the context of the circumplex taxonomies of personality,which of the following refers to what people do to and with each other?

Accepted Answer

A) Factor loadings 
B) Adjacent traits 
C) Bipolar traits 
D) Interpersonal traits

Question 8

_____ is a statistical approach that identifies groups of items that are similar to each other.

Accepted Answer

A) The lexical hypothesis 
B) Factor analysis 
C) The act frequency approach 
D) Rational scale construction

Question 9

Jerry is a loner,and he likes to catch flies and pull their wings off.He is also addicted to violent movies.According to Hans Eysenck's personality taxonomy,Jerry is most likely to score high on the personality trait of:

Accepted Answer

A) introversion. 
B) psychoticism. 
C) sensation seeking. 
D) neuroticism.

Question 10

Which of the following indicates that the more important is an individual difference in human transactions,the more languages will have a term for it?

Accepted Answer

A) Cross-cultural universality 
B) Intellect-openness 
C) Synonym frequency 
D) Act frequency formulation

Question 11

Robert conducts research to study the trait of empathy using the act frequency approach.Each participant is asked to list the specific acts or behaviors that they are most likely to associate with highly empathetic people.Robert collects a pool of 251 empathetic acts.This scenario exemplifies the act _____ procedure of the act frequency approach.

Accepted Answer

A) nominalization 
B) nomenclature 
C) nomination 
D) nomothetic

Question 12

Which of the following approaches yields the criteria of synonym frequency and cross-cultural universality for identifying important personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A) The lexical approach 
B) The theoretical approach 
C) The statistical approach 
D) The act frequency approach

Question 13

A problem with the lexical approach is that:

Accepted Answer

A) it inadequately explores personality nouns. 
B) its success is limited by an existing theory that it uses to determine important variables. 
C) it lays undue emphasis on a hierarchical structure of heritable traits. 
D) it is unable to identify universally important traits in human affairs.

Question 14

According to Hans Eysenck's personality taxonomy,a person who is antisocial and lacks empathy would most likely score high on the trait of:

Accepted Answer

A) extraversion. 
B) neuroticism. 
C) psychoticism. 
D) introversion.

Question 15

Which of the following is of the view that a trait is a descriptive summary of the general trend in a person's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Eysenck's theory 
B) The theoretical approach 
C) The act frequency approach 
D) The theory of sociosexual orientation

Question 16

Which of the following trait taxonomies includes a four-level hierarchy consisting of specific acts,habitual acts,traits,and super-traits?

Accepted Answer

A) Eysenck's personality taxonomy 
B) Cattell's taxonomy 
C) The Wiggins circumplex model 
D) The five-factor model

Question 17

Juanita likes to spend more time alone.She prefers to lead a predictable and well-organized life.According to Hans Eysenck's personality taxonomy,Juanita would most likely score high on the trait of:

Accepted Answer

A) introversion. 
B) conscientiousness. 
C) agency. 
D) psychoticism.

Question 18

Which of the following is the final step in the act frequency approach?

Accepted Answer

A) To identify the acts that are most central to each trait category 
B) To secure information on the actual performance of individuals in their daily lives 
C) To identify which acts belong in which trait categories 
D) To secure information on the importance of different traits in social communication

Question 19

Which of the following is a limitation of Hans Eysenck's personality taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

A) The super-traits in the taxonomy do not have moderate heritabilities. 
B) Some important traits might have been missed in the taxonomy. 
C) The traits in the model fail to have an identifiable physiological substrate. 
D) There is a dispute about whether personality traits are arranged hierarchically.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about factor analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) It believes that the trait terms that are useful to people in social communication have become encoded within the natural language. 
B) It starts with the notion that traits are categories of acts. 
C) It uses an existing theory of personality to determine which traits are important. 
D) It essentially identifies clusters of personality items that covary but tend to deviate from other groups of items.

Exam 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies