Question 1

The factors subject to change that a researcher records in an observation are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) variables. 
B) samples. 
C) populations. 
D) correlation coefficients.

Question 2

During Piaget's preoperational period,knowledge of the world is based on an infant's sensory and motor skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Why was maturational theory eventually discarded?

Accepted Answer

A) It failed to address the impact of environment on children's development. 
B) It overstated the impact of environment on children's development. 
C) It was too focused on learning and not enough on biology. 
D) It failed to address the impact of biology on children's development.

Question 4

Based on her experience in rearing five children,Elaine believes that personality influences the rate of physical-motor development.Elaine appears to take the view that

Accepted Answer

A) development is always jointly influenced by heredity and environment. 
B) early development is related to later development. 
C) development in different domains is connected. 
D) children are at the mercy of the environment.

Question 5

A high correlation between a child's behaviour (e.g. ,being aggressive) and that of her parents (e.g. ,spanking) indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) the child's aggression caused the spanking. 
B) the spanking caused the aggression. 
C) shared aggressive genes,a third factor,caused the child's aggression and the parents' spanking. 
D) aggression and spanking are related but correlations do not indicate causality.

Question 6

Development is shaped by the interaction of nature and nurture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Jean Piaget is associated with ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) ecological 
B) psychodynamic 
C) learning 
D) cognitive-developmental

Question 8

Meta-analysis is a tool that allows researchers to synthesize the results of many studies in order to estimate relations between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is a strength associated with measures that sample behaviour with tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's behaviour is seen as it occurs naturally. 
B) They almost always validly represent real-life behaviours. 
C) They are convenient to use. 
D) They assure representative sampling.

Question 10

According to Erikson,the challenge during infancy is to develop a sense of initiative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

______________ will make a behaviour more likely to occur again,while ______________ will make a behaviour less likely to occur again.

Accepted Answer

A) Negative reinforcement;negative punishment 
B) Positive punishment;negative punishment 
C) Positive reinforcement;negative reinforcement

Question 12

Inferential statistics allow researchers to draw conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A researcher is interested in the development of early math skills in Canadian preschool females.He observes 25 children at a local day care centre.The population he is studying is

Accepted Answer

A) humans. 
B) Canadian children. 
C) Canadian preschool females. 
D) the 25 children at the local day care centre.

Question 14

Which of the following is a disadvantage of longitudinal studies?

Accepted Answer

A) The development of "test-wise" subjects. 
B) The complication of interpretation of differences between groups. 
C) The sample of subjects over the course of the research stays the same. 
D) The cost of conducting a longitudinal study is relatively low.

Question 15

________ refers to whether a measure really measures what it is intended to measure.

Accepted Answer

A) Validity 
B) Reliability 
C) Sampling 
D) Stability

Question 16

Reliability refers to whether or not a test is really measuring what it is supposed to measure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory,the dimension in which all other systems change over time is called the

Accepted Answer

A) macrosystem. 
B) mesosystem. 
C) chronosystem. 
D) microsystem.

Question 18

When a child sees someone having fun with a toy,their superego tells them to just grab the toy from that person and play with it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

One disadvantage of cross-sectional studies is that repeated testing may change participants' behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events rather than developmental processes are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) response biases. 
B) cohort effects. 
C) representative samplings. 
D) artificial settings.

Exam 1: The Science of Child Development

The factors subject to change that a researcher records in an observation are referred to as

During Piaget's preoperational period,knowledge of the world is based on an infant's sensory and motor skills.

Why was maturational theory eventually discarded?

Based on her experience in rearing five children,Elaine believes that personality influences the rate of physical-motor development.Elaine appears to take the view that

A high correlation between a child's behaviour (e.g. ,being aggressive) and that of her parents (e.g. ,spanking) indicates that

Development is shaped by the interaction of nature and nurture.

Jean Piaget is associated with ________ theory.

Meta-analysis is a tool that allows researchers to synthesize the results of many studies in order to estimate relations between variables.

Which of the following is a strength associated with measures that sample behaviour with tasks?

According to Erikson,the challenge during infancy is to develop a sense of initiative.

will make a behaviour more likely to occur again,while will make a behaviour less likely to occur again.

Inferential statistics allow researchers to draw conclusions.

A researcher is interested in the development of early math skills in Canadian preschool females.He observes 25 children at a local day care centre.The population he is studying is

Which of the following is a disadvantage of longitudinal studies?

________ refers to whether a measure really measures what it is intended to measure.

Reliability refers to whether or not a test is really measuring what it is supposed to measure.

According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory,the dimension in which all other systems change over time is called the

When a child sees someone having fun with a toy,their superego tells them to just grab the toy from that person and play with it.

One disadvantage of cross-sectional studies is that repeated testing may change participants' behaviours.

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events rather than developmental processes are referred to as