Question 1

In Marcia's theory,________ describes individuals who have identities that are determined largely by adults,rather than from personal exploration.

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) foreclosure 
C) moratorium 
D) achievement

Question 2

In Marcia's theory,________ describes individuals who are still examining different alternative identities.

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) foreclosure 
C) moratorium 
D) achievement

Question 3

Victoria is a teacher who has witnessed several acts of discrimination in her classroom.What piece of advice will BEST help Victoria to reduce the discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A) Tell her to simply encourage contact between all of the children. 
B) Tell her to create role-playing scenarios involving discrimination and to also create common goals for all of the children. 
C) Tell her to discourage the children from thinking of themselves as part of a larger group. 
D) Tell her that it's normal for children to discriminate and that it will decrease as time goes on.

Question 4

Compared to other children,children with low self-esteem

Accepted Answer

A) are likely to have good relations with peers. 
B) are more prone to psychological disorders such as depression. 
C) are less likely to be involved in antisocial behaviour.

Question 5

Emerson just turned two years old.She will not yet demonstrate self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Suzanne and Devon love their children and want them to feel good about themselves and to be successful.They make a point of telling their children that they are smart and that they are great at every opportunity they get.What advice would you give Suzanne and Devon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suzanne and Devon love their children and...

Question 7

Hunter is eager to try any sport and feels that he's pretty good at most of them.Mason doesn't enjoy any sports,mainly because he doesn't think he's very good at them.Hunter's and Mason's perceived competencies are different in the domain of

Accepted Answer

A) scholastic competence. 
B) behavioural conduct. 
C) physical appearance. 
D) athletic competence.

Question 8

Chan's self-concept includes statements about his attitudes,personality traits,religious beliefs,and occupational goals.How old is Chan?

Accepted Answer

A) three years old 
B) five years old 
C) eight years old 
D) fifteen years old

Question 9

Sixteen-year-old Ingrid discovered a spot on her blouse after she arrived at school.Ingrid is afraid that everyone will notice the spot and think she is stupid.Which of the following best describes Ingrid's beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A) adolescent egocentrism 
B) imaginary audience 
C) personal fable 
D) illusion of invulnerability

Question 10

As adolescents progress towards achieving an identity

Accepted Answer

A) adolescent egocentrism increases while the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become less common. 
B) adolescent egocentrism decreases while the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become more common. 
C) adolescent egocentrism,the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become less common. 
D) adolescent egocentrism,the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become more common.

Question 11

As teens become more independent,their relationships with their parents become more egalitarian.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Recently your friends' eight-year-old daughter has made prejudiced comments about members of other racial groups.Your friends don't find this behaviour acceptable and they want to reduce their daughter's prejudice.What advice can you give your friends?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recently your friends' eight-year-old daughter has made...

Question 13

Patterson and Bigler's (2006) findings support the idea that bias and prejudice are by-products of

Accepted Answer

A) their parents' belief systems. 
B) underlying hostility. 
C) children's efforts to determine the features in an environment that distinguish different groups. 
D) group conflict.

Question 14

Family harmony is not related to self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon.Which of the following would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A) Greg and Simon are at the same cognitive level. 
B) Simon is older than Greg. 
C) Simon gets along better with his peers than Greg does. 
D) Greg has more positive interactions with his peers than Simon does.

Question 16

Briefly describe how preschoolers,school-aged children,and adolescents are likely to describe themselves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe how preschoolers,school-aged children,and adolescents are...

Question 17

What is true about helping children with low self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) Therapy directed at increasing self-esteem in children doesn't seem to be effective. 
B) Training related to social skills doesn't seem to be effective. 
C) Taking the time to recognize each child as an individual creates the feelings of "being special" and therefore helps increase self-esteem. 
D) There don't seem to be any effective ways to help children with low self-esteem.

Question 18

Children with low self-esteem are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders such as depression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

As children develop,the progression in how they describe others goes from emphasizing

Accepted Answer

A) concrete traits to including psychological traits,and finally,to integrating traits. 
B) an integration of traits to focusing on psychological traits and,finally,to focusing on concrete traits. 
C) concrete traits to integrating traits and,finally,to including psychological traits. 
D) psychological traits to focusing on concrete traits and,finally,to integrating traits.

Question 20

Troy,a college student,is in the achievement status for career.What does that tell you about his identity status for religion and politics?

Accepted Answer

A) Troy is in the achievement status for religion and politics. 
B) Troy is not in the achievement status for religion and politics. 
C) Troy is in the achievement status for religion but not for politics. 
D) It is not possible to determine Troy's identity status for religion and politics by knowing his identity status for career.

Exam 11: Understanding Self and Others

In Marcia's theory,________ describes individuals who have identities that are determined largely by adults,rather than from personal exploration.

In Marcia's theory,________ describes individuals who are still examining different alternative identities.

Victoria is a teacher who has witnessed several acts of discrimination in her classroom.What piece of advice will BEST help Victoria to reduce the discrimination?

Compared to other children,children with low self-esteem

Emerson just turned two years old.She will not yet demonstrate self-awareness.

Suzanne and Devon love their children and want them to feel good about themselves and to be successful.They make a point of telling their children that they are smart and that they are great at every opportunity they get.What advice would you give Suzanne and Devon?

Hunter is eager to try any sport and feels that he's pretty good at most of them.Mason doesn't enjoy any sports,mainly because he doesn't think he's very good at them.Hunter's and Mason's perceived competencies are different in the domain of

Chan's self-concept includes statements about his attitudes,personality traits,religious beliefs,and occupational goals.How old is Chan?

Sixteen-year-old Ingrid discovered a spot on her blouse after she arrived at school.Ingrid is afraid that everyone will notice the spot and think she is stupid.Which of the following best describes Ingrid's beliefs?

As adolescents progress towards achieving an identity

As teens become more independent,their relationships with their parents become more egalitarian.

Recently your friends' eight-year-old daughter has made prejudiced comments about members of other racial groups.Your friends don't find this behaviour acceptable and they want to reduce their daughter's prejudice.What advice can you give your friends?

Patterson and Bigler's (2006) findings support the idea that bias and prejudice are by-products of

Family harmony is not related to self-esteem.

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon.Which of the following would you expect to find?

Briefly describe how preschoolers,school-aged children,and adolescents are likely to describe themselves.

What is true about helping children with low self-esteem?

Children with low self-esteem are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders such as depression.

As children develop,the progression in how they describe others goes from emphasizing

Troy,a college student,is in the achievement status for career.What does that tell you about his identity status for religion and politics?