Question 1

When two college basketball players turn their back to the U.S.flag during the playing of the national anthem, they

Accepted Answer

A) violate an informal norm. 
B) engage in formal deviance. 
C) violate a formal norm. 
D) offend people but violate no norms.

Question 2

A social constructionist approach to deviance is based on

Accepted Answer

A) unchanging ideas about right and wrong. 
B) a combination of cultural, interactionist, and structural theories. 
C) the idea that any departure from moral ideals is a form of deviance. 
D) the assumption that all people who engage in deviance lack moral character.

Question 3

One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that

Accepted Answer

A) athletic training occurs in settings where athletes are difficult to observe. 
B) the types and causes of deviance in sports are very diverse. 
C) people in sport organizations do not care about ethical issues. 
D) there are rules that prohibit arresting athletes in some communities.

Question 4

Research that high rates of alcohol use and binge drinking

Accepted Answer

A) exist for athletes across all age levels and for males and females. 
B) have caused coaches to test athletes before practices. 
C) exist only are common among athletes only during the off-season. 
D) linked with a culture in which partying and drinking are expected.

Question 5

The author suggests that athletes engage in overconformity in sports because of their desire to

Accepted Answer

A) win games, meets, and matches. 
B) make money and become famous. 
C) play and be accepted as an athlete by other athletes. 
D) avoid media coverage and excessive attention from fans.

Question 6

A constructionist approach to deviance is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A) most ideas, traits, and actions fall into a normally accepted range. 
B) the more an action departs from an ideal, the more deviant it is. 
C) all deviance involves overconformity to norms. 
D) all deviance involves underconformity to norms.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true about norms?

Accepted Answer

A) They differ from one situation ot the next. 
B) They exist only in formal social situations. 
C) They include both written laws and unwritten customs. 
D) They are used to identify deviance.

Question 8

According to a constructionist approach, both norms and deviance are

Accepted Answer

A) unchangeable. 
B) determined only by judges and courts. 
C) based on religious ideals. 
D) socially constructed through interaction.

Question 9

Controlling deviant overconformity in sports presents a unique challenge because

Accepted Answer

A) people in sports never learn to follow rules. 
B) people in many societies no longer respect any types of rules. 
C) those who enforce team norms may not discourage overconformity. 
D) coaches feel uncomfortable discussing rules for athletes.

Question 10

When athletes collectively overconform to the norms of the sport ethic, they may develop hubris, which leads them to see themselves as separate from and superior to the rest of the community.The author explains that this hubris

Accepted Answer

A) provides a strong incentive to do excessive community service. 
B) leads to a sense of entitlement and lack of concern for people outside their sport. 
C) makes athletes uncoachable and destroys a foundation for teamwork. 
D) discourages all forms of deviance on and off the field.

Question 11

A reason that athletes may overconform to the norms of the sport ethic is because they

Accepted Answer

A) seek identity reaffirmation from other athlete. 
B) were pressured by their parents to play sports. 
C) want to be seen as normal by people outside of sports. 
D) want to be seen as better than their fellow athletes.

Question 12

The author points ot that the seemingly endless parade of cheating scandals in the big-time NCAA sport programs and other sport governing bodies is four factors.Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

Accepted Answer

A) A lack of transparency and accountability in sport prganizations. 
B) Sport governing bodies are unprepared to investigate themselves. 
C) Self-policing strategies create inherent conflicts of interest in sports. 
D) Sport leaders are so diverse that they cannot agree on social control strategies.

Question 13

According to an absolutist approach to studying deviance

Accepted Answer

A) norms vary from one situation to the next. 
B) it does no good to punish people who violate norms. 
C) all deviance is caused by a lack of moral character or a moral failure. 
D) most people engage in little or no deviance during their lifetimes.

Question 14

The sport ethic is linked to deviance in sports because athletes

Accepted Answer

A) are unwilling to accept norms developed by others. 
B) expect each other to overconform to its norms. 
C) tend to be self-centered 
D) come from families in which parents valued conformity.

Question 15

When using a constructionist approach, deviance is defined as ideas, traits, and actions that

Accepted Answer

A) harm other people or property. 
B) disrupt the status quo in society. 
C) fall outside of socially determined normative boundaries. 
D) violates unchanging moral truths that exist in all societies.

Question 16

Athletes who engage in deviant underconformity are usually punished or cut from teams; athletes who engage in deviant overconformity are

Accepted Answer

A) ridiculed in the media. 
B) rejected by teammates. 
C) seen by fans as having weak character. 
D) likely to experience health problems as a result.

Question 17

The author's recommendations for controlling substance use in sports call for a policy that involves

Accepted Answer

A) teaching athletes to accept the norms of the sport ethic without question. 
B) more effective surveillance and detection procedures. 
C) preventing athletes from competing unless they are certified as healthy. 
D) using sport science to improve performance in sports.

Question 18

Athletes today sometimes seem to engage in more sport-related forms of deviance than athletes in the past because

Accepted Answer

A) coaches today are less concerned about control than they were in the past. 
B) society is less orderly today than in the past. 
C) sports and sport organizations have more rules today than in the past. 
D) rules in sports are enforced more strictly today than in the past.

Question 19

Data presented in the chapter indicate that felony rates among NFL players are

Accepted Answer

A) twice as high as they are for comparable men in the society as a whole. 
B) lower than they are for comparable men in the society as a whole. 
C) highest among players who make the minimum salary in the NFL. 
D) so low that they should not be considered as a problem.

Question 20

The author says that the best way to begin to control substance use in sports is to

Accepted Answer

A) allow sport scientists to take control of elite sport programs. 
B) encourage athletes to be more loyal to their sports and their fellow athletes. 
C) critically examine and eliminate the hypocrisy involved in elite sports. 
D) require all sport teams to hire medical support staff.

Exam 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control