Question 1

________ is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal-level variables. It makes an adjustment for ties and is most appropriate when the table of variables is not square but a rectangle.

Accepted Answer

A) Tau b 
B) Symmetric lambda 
C) Tau c 
D) Gamma

Question 2

The median is an appropriate measure of central tendency for ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A) interval 
B) ratio 
C) ordinal 
D) nominal

Question 3

The value obtained by summing all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) range

Question 4

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known (or assumed to be known)and the population variance is estimated from the sample.

Accepted Answer

A) F statistic 
B) t statistic 
C) z statistic 
D) none of the above

Question 5

To balance the two types of errors, alpha (α), also known as ________, is often set at .01 or .05.

Accepted Answer

A) type I error 
B) level of significance 
C) type II error 
D) A and B are correct

Question 6

________ are hypothesis testing procedures that assume that the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

Accepted Answer

A) Parameter tests 
B) Parametric tests 
C) Nonparametric tests 
D) None of the above

Question 7

A statistic that describes a location within a data set is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) measure of variability 
B) measure of shapes 
C) measure of occasion 
D) measure of location

Question 8

In a frequency distribution, two variables are considered at a time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When measuring the strength of association with the contingency coefficient, the maximum value of 1 is achieved when the variables are perfectly associated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The null hypothesis is always the hypothesis that is tested.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The ________ is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile.

Accepted Answer

A) standard deviation 
B) coefficient of variation 
C) variance 
D) interquartile range

Question 12

The ________ test is a nonparametric test for examining differences in the location of two populations, based on paired observations, that compares only the signs of the differences between pairs of variables without taking into account the magnitude of the differences.

Accepted Answer

A) Mann-Whitney U test 
B) sign test 
C) binomial test 
D) runs test

Question 13

When conducting cross-tabulation analysis in practice, if H0 is rejected, the pattern of the relationship should be interpreted by computing an appropriate statistic (phi coefficient, contingency, Cramer's V, lambda coefficient, or other statistics).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The ________ is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, expressed as a percentage, and it is a unitless measure of relative variability.

Accepted Answer

A) standard deviation 
B) coefficient of variation 
C) variance 
D) interquartile range

Question 15

If the entire sample is changed by adding a fixed constant to each observation, then the mean, variance, and median change by the same fixed amount.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The last step involved in hypothesis testing is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reject or do not reject the null hypothesis 
B) draw a marketing research conclusion 
C) compare the probability with level of significance alpha (α) 
D) determine the probability associated with the test statistic under the null hypothesis

Question 17

If all the data points are multiplied by a constant, the interquartile range is multiplied by the same constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The two-sample median test is not as powerful as the Mann-Whitney U test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

________ include the range, interquartile range, variance or standard deviation, and coefficient of variation.

Accepted Answer

A) Measures of variability 
B) Measures of shape 
C) Measures of occasion 
D) Measures of location

Question 20

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A) Is familiarity with a new product related to age and education levels after controlling for income? 
B) The department store is being patronized by more than 10 percent of households. 
C) One hotel has a more upscale image than its close competitor. 
D) Both B and C are correct.

Exam 15: Frequency Distribution, Cross-Tabulation, and Hypothesis Testing

________ is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal-level variables. It makes an adjustment for ties and is most appropriate when the table of variables is not square but a rectangle.

The median is an appropriate measure of central tendency for ________ data.

The value obtained by summing all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements is the ________.

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known (or assumed to be known) and the population variance is estimated from the sample.

To balance the two types of errors, alpha (α) , also known as ________, is often set at .01 or .05.

________ are hypothesis testing procedures that assume that the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

A statistic that describes a location within a data set is a ________.

In a frequency distribution, two variables are considered at a time.

When measuring the strength of association with the contingency coefficient, the maximum value of 1 is achieved when the variables are perfectly associated.

The null hypothesis is always the hypothesis that is tested.

The ________ is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile.

The ________ test is a nonparametric test for examining differences in the location of two populations, based on paired observations, that compares only the signs of the differences between pairs of variables without taking into account the magnitude of the differences.

When conducting cross-tabulation analysis in practice, if H₀ is rejected, the pattern of the relationship should be interpreted by computing an appropriate statistic (phi coefficient, contingency, Cramer's V, lambda coefficient, or other statistics).

The ________ is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, expressed as a percentage, and it is a unitless measure of relative variability.

If the entire sample is changed by adding a fixed constant to each observation, then the mean, variance, and median change by the same fixed amount.

The last step involved in hypothesis testing is ________.

If all the data points are multiplied by a constant, the interquartile range is multiplied by the same constant.

The two-sample median test is not as powerful as the Mann-Whitney U test.

________ include the range, interquartile range, variance or standard deviation, and coefficient of variation.

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using hypothesis testing?