Which of the Following Developments Have Resulted in a Transfer

Multiple Choice

Which of the following developments have resulted in a transfer of power from manufacturers to retailers?

A) The advent of optical scanners and computers gave manufacturers access to sales information.
B) Manufacturers are spending more money on media advertising.
C) Consolidation in the grocery industry has resulted in larger chains with greater buying power and clout.
D) Manufacturers are spending more money on marketing research.
E) Manufacturers are introducing more private-label brands.