Question 1

Which of the following ways was NOT noted in the textbook as being correlated with working-memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

A) reading comprehension 
B) reasoning skills 
C) tasks that require multitasking 
D) making an eye movement toward a cue

Question 2

In list-learning experiments,participants' performance in the pre-recency portion of the curve will be improved by

Accepted Answer

A) employing more common,familiar words. 
B) presenting the list of words more quickly. 
C) employing a longer list of words. 
D) distracting participants for a moment just after the list's end.

Question 3

Your friend is having a hard time in biology and would like some tips on studying for the class.What advice would you give your friend? Include at least three suggestions based on the information you have learned in this chapter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend is having a hard time...

Question 4

A sudden,loud noise often has the impact of distracting participants long enough to clear the contents of working memory.Imagine that participants hear a list of the names of 20 different fruits,followed by an unexpected loud noise.The effect of the noise will be

Accepted Answer

A) a diminished primacy effect but no impact on how well the other words in the list are remembered. 
B) diminished performance for the entire list. 
C) a diminished recency effect and a diminished primacy effect but no impact on how well the other words on the list are remembered. 
D) a diminished recency effect but no impact on how well the other words in the list are remembered.

Question 5

The primacy effect is associated with ________,and the recency effect is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory;long-term memory 
B) long-term memory;recognition memory 
C) working memory;short-term memory 
D) long-term memory;working memory

Question 6

Although mnemonics can be helpful for remembering a small number of specific items (like a grocery list),it does have some drawbacks.One such problem is that

Accepted Answer

A) using a mnemonic involves a trade-off with less attention spent looking for memory connections that can help you understand the material. 
B) mnemonics work only when remembering up to seven items. 
C) mnemonics are particularly difficult to remember when specific information is being tested. 
D) the recall of all items by mnemonics is slow.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a question that leads to deep processing?

Accepted Answer

A) What is the meaning of the word "tantalizing"? 
B) Are there more vowels or more consonants in the word "brain"? 
C) Can you think of a word that rhymes with "elephant"? 
D) How many syllables are there in the word "convenient"?

Question 8

Early estimates of working-memory capacity relied on the digit-span task.The data indicate working-memory capacity to be ________ items.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 to 14 
B) 2 or 3 
C) around 20 
D) around 7

Question 9

When asked to recall a list of 25 words,participants are likely to remember only some of them.The words they can recall are likely to include

Accepted Answer

A) approximately the last 12 words on the list. 
B) the first few words on the list and also approximately the last 5 or 6 words on the list. 
C) approximately the first 12 words on the list. 
D) words drawn from positions scattered throughout the list.

Question 10

Describe Baddeley's working-memory model.Name two cognitive phenomena that are well explained by the model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Baddeley's working-memory model.Name two cognitive phenomena...

Question 11

The operations through which we gain new knowledge,retain that knowledge,and later use that knowledge are often divided into three processes.Which of the following is NOT one of those processes?

Accepted Answer

A) retrieval 
B) acquisition 
C) deliberation 
D) storage

Question 12

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) In models of working memory,the central executive is involved in planning responses and making decisions. 
B) In models of working memory,the central executive is only a small player compared to the other components of the working memory system. 
C) In models of working memory,the central executive relies on "helpers," such as the articulatory rehearsal loop. 
D) In models of working memory,the central executive is akin to executive control.

Question 13

In a traditional digit-span task,the capacity of working memory is estimated to be

Accepted Answer

A) approximately one chunk. 
B) approximately three chunks. 
C) approximately seven chunks. 
D) unlimited.

Exam 6: The Acquisition of Memories and the Work-Ing-Memory System