Question 1

A child wants a toy that is too big to be pulled straight through the bars of her crib.She studies the toy for some time and then grabs it,turns it sideways,and fits it through the bars.This child is using

Accepted Answer

A)  primary circular reaction. 
B)  invention of new means through mental combinations. 
C)  secondary circular reactions. 
D)  coordination of secondary schemes.

Question 2

Which substage of sensorimotor development serves as a transition to the symbolic thought of the next stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tertiary circular reaction 
B)  Secondary circular reaction 
C)  Invention of new means through mental combinations 
D)  Coordination of secondary schemes

Question 3

Object permanence refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an understanding that changes in shape do not change the object. 
B)  a realization that objects can look different,but still be the same. 
C)  recognition that things exist that cannot readily be seen. 
D)  None of these

Question 4

Dylan picks up an object he has not seen before.He immediately puts it in his mouth.Dylan's behavior is representative of which stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Concrete operations 
B)  Oral-cognitive stage 
C)  Sensorimotor stage 
D)  Physio-emotive stage

Question 5

Babbling typically combines consonants and vowels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Behaviorists explain language acquisition in children as a process involving _______ of sounds in the parent's language and ________ of foreign sounds.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction; reinforcement 
B)  reinforcement; extinction 
C)  reinforcement; shaping 
D)  None of these

Question 7

In terms of language,

Accepted Answer

A)  children can only understand the words they can say. 
B)  its development is predetermined and independent of experience. 
C)  children can understand many more words than they can speak. 
D)  its development is linked very closely to the development of visual memory.

Question 8

Which of the following represents a primary circular reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kala accidentally touches her nose with her thumb and then repeats it 
B)  Jose turns toward the sound of the phone ringing 
C)  Lorenzo kicks his mobile over and over because it makes it move 
D)  Megan pulls her blanket so it will bring her teddy bear close enough to grab it

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Echolalia

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 10

Leah,a 9-month-old infant,watches as her mother pushes a button on a toy and the toy beeps.Several hours later,Leah pushes the button and the toy beeps.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  deferred imitation. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  instrumental learning. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 11

Which of the following is the most advanced substage in Piaget's sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coordination of secondary schemes 
B)  Primary circular reaction 
C)  Secondary circular reaction 
D)  Tertiary circular reaction

Question 12

Research has found that infants as young as 3.5 months of age have a rudimentary form of object permanence.Why then,do they not actively search for hidden objects until 8 months of age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coordination of acts does not occur until 8 months 
B)  Children do not "look in order to see" until 8 months of age 
C)  8-month-olds do not yet perform primary circular reactions 
D)  8-month-olds lack the ability to assimilate

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE of infant memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants demonstrate memory for experiences they had while in utero 
B)  Infants do not demonstrate reliable memory until about 3 months of age 
C)  Infants can only remember after 6 months of age 
D)  Infants can memorize things with only one exposure

Question 14

The average 12-month-old child can speak ______ number of words and understands ______ number of words.

Accepted Answer

A)  5; 30 
B)  8; 45 
C)  13; 84 
D)  22; 90

Question 15

How do primary and secondary circular reactions differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary involve only reflexes,whereas secondary involve thoughts 
B)  They are the same,one is just engaging in a more complex behavior 
C)  Primary focus on the body,whereas secondary focus on the environment 
D)  Primary involve more important behaviors than secondary

Question 16

Deferred imitation means

Accepted Answer

A)  the child can mimic only within 5 seconds what he/she has seen. 
B)  children can imitate from the moment they are born. 
C)  a child has a mental representation in mind long before the behavior is imitated. 
D)  imitation is a more automatic process than was assumed in the past.

Question 17

Bettina Pollock and colleagues (2000)found that magpies

Accepted Answer

A)  go from primary to tertiary circular reactions,bypassing secondary circular reactions. 
B)  hide food,but do not possess object permanence. 
C)  develop object permanence before hiding food. 
D)  use deferred imitation.

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Bayley test

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 19

Amir is 10 months old.He is able to push one toy aside in order to reach another that he wishes to play with.He is also able to imitate the gestures and sounds his parents make when they play with him.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary circular reactions. 
B)  invention of new means through mental combinations. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  coordination of secondary schemes.

Question 20

After children speak their first words,verbal acquisition tends to be

Accepted Answer

A)  fast,with children speaking 40-50 words within a month. 
B)  slow,with children speaking 10-30 words within 3-4 months. 
C)  fast,as expressive vocabulary outpaces receptive vocabulary. 
D)  None of these

Exam 6: Infancy: Cognitive Development