In Japanese Business Organizations, Subordinates Do Not Pass Along Bad

Multiple Choice

In Japanese business organizations, subordinates do not pass along bad news to their superiors. This lack of internal communications can be attributed to:

A) the inherently shy nature of the Japanese.
B) the Japanese emphasis on hierarchical relationships.
C) the practice of omerta or solemn oath-taking.
D) the insistence on solving problems at the point of origin and not escalating them.
E) Guanxi, the Japanese practice of personal connections.