Question 1

Declarative long-term memories

Accepted Answer

A)  are unavailable to the consciousness. 
B)  are implicit memories. 
C)  are usually caused by classical or instrumental conditioning. 
D)  can be expressed verbally. 
E)  do not involve the hippocampus.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of long-term potentiation (LTP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  LTP is the cellular basis for episodic memory. 
B)  LTP occurs independent of synaptic activity. 
C)  LTP reflects a persistent temporal summation of postsynaptic potentials. 
D)  LTP can be produced in isolated hippocampal slices. 
E)  LTP typically lasts up to one hour.

Question 3

Transcortical connections between the sensory association cortex and the motor association cortex are involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned emotional responses. 
B)  sensory memory. 
C)  the acquisition of simple behaviors by observation. 
D)  the acquisition of episodic memory.

Question 4

Explain the distinction between declarative and nondeclarative memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the distinction between declarative and nondeclarative...

Question 5

People with anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

A)  show impairment of perceptual memory. 
B)  show impairments in motor memory. 
C)  show impairment of complex relational learning. 
D)  are unable to recall childhood experiences. 
E)  show facilitated stimulus-response learning.

Question 6

The most profound symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is

Accepted Answer

A)  anterograde amnesia. 
B)  total amnesia. 
C)  combative behavior. 
D)  delirium tremens. 
E)  auditory and visual hallucinations.

Question 7

Explain what is meant by the "Hebb rule."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is meant by the "Hebb...

Question 8

The key function of classical conditioning is to allow an organism to

Accepted Answer

A)  adjust behavior according to its consequences. 
B)  acquire new physical skills. 
C)  recognize familiar objects. 
D)  learn new species-typical behaviors. 
E)  understand the relationship between stimuli.

Question 9

Describe the four basic forms of learning: a)perceptual learning
b)stimulus-response learning
c)motor learning
d)relational learning.
Give a brief example of each in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the four basic forms of learning:...

Question 10

An example of relational learning is

Accepted Answer

A)  practicing a golf swing repeatedly, which results in more accurate strokes. 
B)  salivating in response to a favorite food. 
C)  forming a mental map of a room based on your experience in the room. 
D)  recognizing a familiar stimulus. 
E)  recalling an event from your childhood.

Question 11

In classical conditioning,a neutral stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes inactive over repeated presentations. 
B)  reliably produces a response. 
C)  is termed the unconditional stimulus. 
D)  must always be presented after the unconditional stimulus. 
E)  is paired repeatedly with a stimulus that evokes a reflexive response.

Question 12

Your ability to recognize a series of tones as the opening to "The Star-Spangled Banner" is an instance of ________ that likely involves the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  musical learning; left hemisphere 
B)  perceptual learning; auditory association cortex 
C)  stimulus-response learning; frontal cortex 
D)  perceptual learning; visual association cortex 
E)  intermodal learning; corpus callosum

Question 13

Which of the following terms are synonymous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hebbian memory; consolidation 
B)  declarative memory; explicit memory 
C)  immediate memory; long-term memory 
D)  declarative memory; implicit memory 
E)  nondeclarative memory; explicit memory

Question 14

Your best friend Doogie is bitten as he tries to pet your dog.Eventually,Doogie stops petting your dog.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  relational learning. 
D)  instrumental conditioning. 
E)  perceptual learning.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of anterograde amnesia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amnesiacs cannot learn to trace a drawing through a mirror. 
B)  Amnesiacs can show certain forms of learning, but do not recall the learning experience. 
C)  Amnesiacs are unable to show perceptual learning. 
D)  Motor learning is impaired in anterograde amnesia. 
E)  Amnesiacs show an impairment of immediate verbal memory.

Question 16

Reinforcing effects of electrical brain stimulation and of drugs such as amphetamine partly reflect an action on ________ projections of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine; nigrostriatal pathway 
B)  norepinephrine; nigrostriatal pathway 
C)  GABA; mesocortical pathway 
D)  dopamine; mesolimbic pathway 
E)  leptin; mesocortical pathway

Question 17

An example of a natural reinforcer is

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  food for a satiated rat. 
C)  amphetamine. 
D)  GABA. 
E)  food for a hungry rat.

Question 18

In instrumental conditioning,a response that produces a favorable consequence

Accepted Answer

A)  weakens adjacent circuits in the brain. 
B)  will occur more frequently. 
C)  will produce a species-typical response. 
D)  will be immediately suppressed. 
E)  is said to involve the process of punishment.

Question 19

Long-term potentiation involves the insertion of AMPA receptors into the dendritic membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Compare the memory problems that occur in anterograde amnesia with those of retrograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the memory problems that occur in...

Exam 12: Learning and Memory