A Disadvantage of the Centralized Organization Is That It

Multiple Choice

A disadvantage of the centralized organization is that it

A) lengthens response times by those closest to the market conditions because they must seek approval for their actions.
B) does not encourage responsibility among lower-level managers and rank-and-file employees.
C) discourages lower-level managers and rank-and-file employees from exercising any initiative.
D) diverts authority away from those closest to, and most knowledgeable about, the situation for actions.
E) results in higher-level managers being unaware of actions taken by empowered personnel under their supervision.