Question 1

For magnitudes above about 6,the bigger earthquake magnitude means that more people in a larger area and for a longer time will experience the intense shaking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The frequency of a wave is __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of displacement of the medium through which the wave is passing 
B) the number of waves passing a given point per unit time 
C) the time between successive waves 
D) the energy of the wave

Question 3

Earthquake magnitude scales such as the Richter scale assess the effects on people and buildings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Steno's _____________ states that sediment layers are continuous,ending only by butting up against a topographic high,such as a hill or a cliff,by pinching out due to lack of sediment,or by gradational change from one sediment type to another.

Accepted Answer

A) law of original continuity 
B) law of superposition 
C) law of original horizontality 
D) law of cosines 
E) law of retrogression

Question 5

The types of rock or sediment on which a structure's foundation sits are of paramount importance with respect to whether the structure will be damaged by shaking from an earthquake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Different estimates of earthquake magnitude are derived from different methods based on local shaking (Richter scale),body waves (mb),surface waves (MS),or seismic moment (MW).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

With compressional forces,the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall;this type of fault is referred to as a __________ fault.

Accepted Answer

A) reverse 
B) subnormal 
C) transform 
D) strike-slip 
E) normal

Question 8

Low-frequency surface waves will be amplified in tall buildings with low frequencies of vibration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In igneous rocks such as granite,S-waves travel about 1.7 times faster than P-waves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A normal fault occurs when the hanging wall moves ________ relative to the footwall.

Accepted Answer

A) up 
B) down 
C) to the left 
D) to the right

Question 11

Transform faults have mostly vertical displacement rather than horizontal displacement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The _________ explains that sediments (such as sands,gravels,and muds)are originally deposited or settled out of water in horizontal layers.

Accepted Answer

A) law of original continuity 
B) law of superposition 
C) law of original horizontality 
D) law of cosines 
E) law of retrogression

Question 13

________ faults are commonly found at areas of plate convergence where subduction or continental collision occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) Reverse 
B) Normal 
C) Transform 
D) Strike-slip

Question 14

P- and S-waves do not follow simple paths as they pass through the Earth;they speed up,slow down,and change direction,and S-waves even disappear when they reach the Earth's core.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Usually,the biggest concern in designing buildings to withstand large earthquakes is the ____________ components of movement.

Accepted Answer

A) upward push from the vertical 
B) downward pull from the vertical 
C) sideways push from the horizontal

Question 16

The high-frequency seismic waves are most energetic for short distances close to the epicenter,whereas low-frequency seismic waves carry significant amounts of energy for much greater distances away from the epicenter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The __________ is measured in cross-sectional view as the angle of inclination from horizontal of a tilted rock layer,and _______ is viewed in map view as the compass bearing of the rock layer where it intersects a horizontal plane.

Accepted Answer

A) strike;strike 
B) dip;dip 
C) strike;dip 
D) dip;strike 
E) strike and dip;strike and dip

Question 18

It is the horizontal fault movements at subduction zones that most commonly cause tsunami,mostly in the Pacific Ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The point where a fault first ruptures underground is known as the epicenter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Moving into the core,P-wave velocities gradually increase until a positive jump is reached at about a 5150-km depth,suggesting that the inner core is solid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Earthquake Geology and Seismology

For magnitudes above about 6,the bigger earthquake magnitude means that more people in a larger area and for a longer time will experience the intense shaking.

The frequency of a wave is __________________.

Earthquake magnitude scales such as the Richter scale assess the effects on people and buildings.

Steno's _____________ states that sediment layers are continuous,ending only by butting up against a topographic high,such as a hill or a cliff,by pinching out due to lack of sediment,or by gradational change from one sediment type to another.

The types of rock or sediment on which a structure's foundation sits are of paramount importance with respect to whether the structure will be damaged by shaking from an earthquake.

Different estimates of earthquake magnitude are derived from different methods based on local shaking (Richter scale),body waves (m_b),surface waves (M_S),or seismic moment (M_W).

With compressional forces,the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall;this type of fault is referred to as a __________ fault.

Low-frequency surface waves will be amplified in tall buildings with low frequencies of vibration.

In igneous rocks such as granite,S-waves travel about 1.7 times faster than P-waves.

A normal fault occurs when the hanging wall moves ________ relative to the footwall.

Transform faults have mostly vertical displacement rather than horizontal displacement.

The _________ explains that sediments (such as sands,gravels,and muds) are originally deposited or settled out of water in horizontal layers.

________ faults are commonly found at areas of plate convergence where subduction or continental collision occurs.

P- and S-waves do not follow simple paths as they pass through the Earth;they speed up,slow down,and change direction,and S-waves even disappear when they reach the Earth's core.

Usually,the biggest concern in designing buildings to withstand large earthquakes is the ____________ components of movement.

The high-frequency seismic waves are most energetic for short distances close to the epicenter,whereas low-frequency seismic waves carry significant amounts of energy for much greater distances away from the epicenter.

The ____ is measured in cross-sectional view as the angle of inclination from horizontal of a tilted rock layer,and _ is viewed in map view as the compass bearing of the rock layer where it intersects a horizontal plane.

It is the horizontal fault movements at subduction zones that most commonly cause tsunami,mostly in the Pacific Ocean.

The point where a fault first ruptures underground is known as the epicenter.

Moving into the core,P-wave velocities gradually increase until a positive jump is reached at about a 5150-km depth,suggesting that the inner core is solid.