Question 1

When her mother came into the room,Constance was laughing out loud at the dog's antics.Constance continues to laugh and look at her mother and then the dog.This is an example of a(n)______ smile.

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  windy 
C)  anticipatory 
D)  attachment

Question 2

Geoff knows he is supposed to wait until after dinner to eat a cookie,but when his mother goes upstairs he sneaks into the kitchen and grabs one.Later that night Geoff feels bad and tells his mom what he did.Apparently,Geoff is developing

Accepted Answer

A)  a conscience. 
B)  a bad temper. 
C)  a sense of autonomy. 
D)  a sense of industry.

Question 3

Two-year-old Jacob took the pacifier away from his baby sister,making her sad and causing her to cry.When his mother explained how the baby felt and insisted that he return the pacifier,she was teaching Jacob

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathy. 
B)  empathy. 
C)  prosocial behavior. 
D)  self-fulfillment.

Question 4

Which of the following children is probably the BEST "fit" between temperament and environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aaron is a quiet and fairly inactive child. He lives in a small apartment with his older, bookish parents. 
B)  Brian likes to sit quietly and play alone. He spends most days with 10 other children at a daycare center. 
C)  Carolyn enjoys trying out musical instruments and experimenting with arts and crafts materials. Her mother likes the house to be quiet and neat and gets upset when the house is messy. 
D)  Debby is hesitant and quiet. Her father pushes her to experience new situations and take risks.

Question 5

Erikson suggested that in the first 18 months of development infants face the first stage in personality development,which involves resolving the "crisis" of trust versus mistrust.Resolution of this crisis depends on several factors.Identify the factors that will support the development of trust.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson suggested that in the first 18...

Question 6

When an unfamiliar little boy takes away 1-year-old Marina's toy,she looks questioningly at her mother.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  stranger anxiety. 
B)  attachment. 
C)  the mutual-regulation model. 
D)  social referencing.

Question 7

A well-known research study with monkeys demonstrating the important role on attachment with mothers was completed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Harlow. 
B)  Piaget. 
C)  Erikson. 
D)  Freud.

Question 8

According to the mutual-regulation model regarding emotional states,

Accepted Answer

A)  parental actions determine an infant's emotional state until about 9 months of age. 
B)  babies as young as 3 months regulate their own emotional state to some degree. 
C)  low-birth-weight babies require extra stimulation for proper emotional development. 
D)  emotional states of the mother do not affect those of the infant.

Question 9

A 9-month-old infant who cries when the mother leaves is showing

Accepted Answer

A)  separation anxiety. 
B)  stranger anxiety. 
C)  anxious attachment. 
D)  overdependence.

Question 10

Felicia picks up all the toys she has been playing with whenever her mom tells her to,but often forgets to pick them up when her mom is not around.We would describe Felicia's compliance as

Accepted Answer

A)  situational. 
B)  conditional. 
C)  committed. 
D)  optional.

Question 11

Dick and Karen's infant son,Jeremy,appears to show signs of contentment,interest,and distress.Jeremy is probably

Accepted Answer

A)  2 years of age. 
B)  8 months of age. 
C)  a newborn. 
D)  1 year of age.

Question 12

Betsy's baby does not cry when the baby is left alone in a strange room,nor does the baby approach Betsy when she returns to the room.Which of the following statements is most likely to accurately describe Betsy's behavior as a mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  She holds her baby closer to her than normal. 
B)  She constantly talks to the baby. 
C)  She is often angry at the baby. 
D)  She carries her infant in a soft baby carrier.

Question 13

As infant Marlie giggles,her mother makes another silly face,causing Marlie to giggle more.This scenario is typical of parents who are high in

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence. 
B)  interactional synchrony. 
C)  separation anxiety. 
D)  pain tolerance.

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to be a 2-year-old's favorite word?

Accepted Answer

A)  "No" 
B)  "Go" 
C)  "Mine" 
D)  "Eat"

Question 15

Today,about half of all infants under 1 year in the United States whose mothers work are cared for

Accepted Answer

A)  in homes of relatives or friends. 
B)  in daycare centers. 
C)  in daycare homes. 
D)  at home by babysitters.

Question 16

The ability of both an infant and his or her caregiver to respond appropriately and sensitively to each other's mental and emotional states is known as mutual

Accepted Answer

A)  deregulation. 
B)  agreement. 
C)  acceptance. 
D)  regulation.

Question 17

Personality development intertwined with social relationships is what is meant by _______ development.

Accepted Answer

A)  mobilization 
B)  communication 
C)  psychosocial 
D)  explorative

Question 18

A baby's first smile,which can occur in newborns less than a week old,is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the sight of a human face. 
B)  central nervous system activity. 
C)  successful bonding with the mother. 
D)  gas.

Question 19

Temperament is defined as a person's characteristic,biologically based way of approaching and reacting to situations.List and describe the characteristics of the three patterns of temperament.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Temperament is defined as a person's characteristic,biologically...

Question 20

When presented initially with a new rattle,infant Isiah grimaces,then slowly reaches for the new toy.Isiah would most likely be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  easy. 
B)  slow-to-warm-up. 
C)  difficult. 
D)  All of these

Exam 6: Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

When her mother came into the room,Constance was laughing out loud at the dog's antics.Constance continues to laugh and look at her mother and then the dog.This is an example of a(n) ______ smile.