Question 1

Ten-month-old Nathan has just been told goodbye by his grandparents who are now leaving in their car.Nathan waves bye-bye to them with his left arm.Nathan's attempt to communicate with his grandparents is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional social gesture. 
B)  representational gesture. 
C)  symbolic gesture. 
D)  telegraphic gesture.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the textbook as one of the indicators of an infant's ability to process information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Habituation/dishabituation 
B)  Visual preference 
C)  Cross-modal transfer 
D)  Auditory preferences

Question 3

According to some research,a newborn who smiles at a smiling adult is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  invisible imitation. 
B)  visible imitation. 
C)  deferred imitation. 
D)  circular reaction.

Question 4

Juan's vocabulary suddenly jumps from 50 words to 400 words.He is probably at least how old?

Accepted Answer

A)  11 months 
B)  16 months 
C)  30 months 
D)  3 ½ years

Question 5

Mindy,who is 24 months old,is beginning to speak sentences with articles and prepositions.She is developing

Accepted Answer

A)  holophrases. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  overextensive speech. 
D)  telegraphic speech.

Question 6

Rachel hears her father say "ouch!" when he accidentally hits his hand with a hammer.For the next several hours,Rachel deliberately tries to imitate the sound of the word ouch.According to the text,approximately how old is Rachel?

Accepted Answer

A)  At least 24 to 28 months old 
B)  At least 16 to17 months old 
C)  At least 9 to10 months old 
D)  At least 4 to 6 months old

Question 7

The dual representation hypothesis is used in an attempt to explain why children

Accepted Answer

A)  make scale errors. 
B)  make poor judgments regarding peers. 
C)  make inferences about caregivers that are often wrong. 
D)  have difficulty forming attachments to both a mother and a father.

Question 8

Which of the following defines Piaget's concept of circular reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are primitive reflexes in infants. 
B)  Circular reactions set up continuous cycles of waking and sleeping. 
C)  They are processes that an infant reproduces after discovering them by chance. 
D)  Circular reactions are another form of habituation.

Question 9

A child who calls a dog a "bow-wow" and also calls a cat a "bow-wow" is

Accepted Answer

A)  overextending. 
B)  overregularizing. 
C)  underextending. 
D)  using syntax.

Question 10

The amount and quality of verbal interaction between parents and children seems to be affected by the

Accepted Answer

A)  socioeconomic status of the family. 
B)  IQ level of parents. 
C)  psychological identity and personality of parents. 
D)  age of parents.

Question 11

Eliza's mom smiles at her every time she sticks her tongue out.According to operant conditioning,Eliza will

Accepted Answer

A)  stop sticking out her tongue. 
B)  cry every time her mother enters the room. 
C)  stick her tongue out even more. 
D)  be unaffected by her mother's smiles.

Question 12

Which of the following do infants NOT do during the first month of life,according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behave reflexively 
B)  Begin to initiate activity 
C)  Develop primary circular reactions 
D)  Make acquired adaptations with mental representations

Question 13

Describe the types of imitation presented in your text and provide one example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the types of imitation presented in...

Question 14

According to research,infants can imitate behaviors they see as early as

Accepted Answer

A)  12 hours after birth. 
B)  three days after birth. 
C)  a week after birth. 
D)  a month after birth

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding common first words?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first words that babies utter today reflect the current culture, and change with the generations. 
B)  Common first words for babies are the same now as they were 50 years ago. 
C)  Infants' first words are part of their receptive vocabulary. 
D)  Infants will not utter their first words until about 18 months of age on average.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the Bayley III test scales of infant and toddler development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alertness 
B)  Motor 
C)  Mental 
D)  Behavior rating

Question 17

What term describes the sound infants begin to make at 2 to 4 months?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gesturing 
B)  Babbling 
C)  Crying 
D)  Cooing

Question 18

The study of the brain structures that govern thinking and memory is called

Accepted Answer

A)  assessment of brain stimulus. 
B)  cognitive neuroscience. 
C)  mental stimulus evaluation. 
D)  neurological assessment.

Question 19

When an infant is classically conditioned,he or she learns

Accepted Answer

A)  a relationship between two stimulus events. 
B)  to stop responding to an unimportant, repetitive stimulus. 
C)  to associate a certain behavior with a reward. 
D)  to avoid punishment by crying.

Question 20

Infants and toddlers seem to be __________ cognitively competent and to show signs of conceptual thought earlier than Piaget thought.

Accepted Answer

A)  less 
B)  more 
C)  far more 
D)  far less

Exam 5: Cognitive Development During the First Three Years