Question 1

A person rejects society's cultural goals,lacks the means to achieve them,and responds to the resulting strain by basically dropping out of the race and ceasing to try to succeed.According to Merton's strain theory,this person falls under the response category of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ritualism
B)  conformity
C)  innovation
D)  retreatism D

Question 2

Determinism is the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  all humans are in total control of their actions.
B)  punishments,which are believed to be the best for the majority of people in society,should be imposed on criminals
C)  criminal behavior is the result of offenders weighing the risks and benefits of crime.
D)  criminal behavior is a product of biological,psychological,and social forces that are beyond a person's control. D

Question 3

A person accepts society's cultural goals and decides to continue working in his current job to achieve the goals.According to Merton's strain theory,the person's response to the strain falls under the category of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  innovation
B)  ritualism
C)  retreatism
D)  conformity D

Question 4

________ is the belief that criminals are evolutionally primitive or subhuman people characterized by certain "inferior" identifiable physical and mental characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classism
B)  Atavism
C)  Determinism
D)  Rationalism

Question 5

Mark often steals household items from Walmart and sells them for cash on the street.He argues that his actions are not wrong because anyone else would have done the same thing in his situation.The neutralization technique Mark is using to support his actions is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  denial of victim
B)  denial of responsibility
C)  appeal to higher loyalties
D)  denial of injury

Question 6

Sally is a good student and does not get into trouble.After her father gets killed in a car accident,she gets upset and starts exhibiting patterns of violent behavior.Which of the following theories best explains Sally's shift in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strain theory
B)  Social learning theory
C)  Biological theory
D)  Moral reasoning theory

Question 7

According to the life course perspective,offenders who start committing crimes during adolescence and continue to commit crimes for the rest of their lives are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescence-limited offenders.
B)  disadvantaged offenders.
C)  strained offenders.
D)  life course persistent offenders.

Question 8

A young boy who has never committed a crime is often called "criminal" because of his looks,attitude,and lack of interpersonal skills.His classmates and teachers consider him to be a bad seed who is more likely to commit serious crimes.As a result of this societal condemnation,the boy begins to commit minor offenses and slowly moves toward committing serious crimes.The boy has experienced a process called:

Accepted Answer

A)  tagging.
B)  innovation.
C)  labeling.
D)  conformism.

Question 9

A child of a battered woman witnesses violence in his house and lives for years in a stressful environment.He is later moved to a foster home where he is abused daily.In the scenario,the child is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  superego victim.
B)  disabled victim.
C)  id victim.
D)  recidivist victim.

Question 10

Martha accidently breaks a plate while doing the dishes.The last time this happened,her husband,Ryan,had abused her and thrown a plate on her face.Martha gets scared that Ryan might kill her this time even though he is actually sleeping in the other room and is unaware of the incident.Martha is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A)  schizophreniA.
B)  depression.
C)  posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)  psychopathy.

Question 11

________ is an ethical philosophy of social control that focused on imposing punishments that were believed best for the majority of people in society.

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilitarianism
B)  Hedonism
C)  Ethnocentrism
D)  Materialism

Question 12

Walter Reckless's ________ argues that some factors that keep behavior in check are personal,such as self-concept,self-control,goal-directedness,conscience,tolerance for frustration,sense of responsibility,realistic levels of aspiration,and identification with lawful norms.

Accepted Answer

A)  containment theory
B)  social bond theory
C)  neutralization theory
D)  looking-glass self theory

Question 13

According to Freud,which part of the human brain constitutes the moral aspect of personality,or conscience,and internally judges one's actions based on principles of right and wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Id
B)  Ego
C)  Superid
D)  Superego

Question 14

Which of the following theories believes that the adoption of negative and antisocial values learned in neighborhoods and subcultures produces criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social disorganization theory
B)  Social conflict theory
C)  Cultural deviance theory
D)  Peacemaking criminology theory

Question 15

Who is known as the father of modern criminology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cesare Lombroso
B)  Cesare Beccaria
C)  Émile Zola
D)  Émile Durkheim

Question 16

A person accepts society's cultural goals but lacks the institutional means to achieve them.Hence,he devises a new way to achieve the goals.According to Merton's strain theory,the person's response to the strain falls under the category of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ritualism
B)  retreatism
C)  innovation
D)  conformity

Question 17

________ is the capacity to learn or comprehend,manifested by the ability to solve problems and adapt to life's everyday experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)  Motivation
B)  Intelligence
C)  Social conflict
D)  Supervision

Question 18

According to Freud,which of the following is NOT a part of the human brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ego
B)  Id
C)  Superid
D)  Superego

Question 19

Which of the following is a disorder of personality revealed by a lifelong pattern of antisocial behavior about which the individual has no remorse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postpartum psychosis
B)  Psychopathy
C)  Depression
D)  Schizophrenia

Question 20

Mark often steals items from Walmart and sells them for cash on the street.He argues that his actions are not wrong because judges in courts,who pass judgement on people committing crimes,commit more serious crimes.Which of the following neutralization techniques is Mark using to support his actions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Condemnation of the condemners
B)  Denial of victim
C)  Denial of injury
D)  Denial of responsibility

Exam 3: Causes of Crime