Question 1

In some particle physics theories,the universe must have more than three spatial dimensions,but we experience only three.Why would we not see the other spatial dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The other seven spatial dimensions are tightly wrapped around each other and have not expanded. 
B)  The other nine spatial dimensions are too small to be noticeable. 
C)  The other seven spatial dimensions undergo inflation and flatten themselves out. 
D)  The other nine spatial dimensions wrap around each other and form the temporal dimension.

Question 2

Observations of Type Ia supernovae in distant galaxies confirm that the expansion of the universe is decreasing over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The figure below shows scale factor RU as a function of time over the age of the universe.Ignoring the presence of dark energy,which curve would represent an implausible open universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Curve A 
B)  Curve B 
C)  Curve C 
D)  Curve D

Question 4

Our current ideas on galaxy formation suggest that the visible parts of galaxies:

Accepted Answer

A)  form first and are incorporated into dark matter halos later 
B)  form only in the densest parts of dark matter halos 
C)  can tell you the total size of the dark matter halo 
D)  can tell you everything about the formation history of that galaxy

Question 5

If $\varOmega$matter = 0.5 today and there were no dark energy,the universe would:

Accepted Answer

A)  expand forever 
B)  slow its expansion but never reverse it 
C)  stop expanding and eventually collapse 
D)  oscillate between expansion and collapse

Question 6

According to superstring theory,how are different varieties of elementary particles similar? How do they differ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to superstring theory,how are different varieties...

Question 7

What is the fundamental difference between the two basic types of dark matter? List an example of each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fundamental difference between the...

Question 8

By the time the universe was 5 minutes old,approximately 24 percent of the normal matter in it had been turned into:

Accepted Answer

A)  protons 
B)  neutrons 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  helium

Question 9

What can simultaneously solve both the flatness and horizon problems in cosmology?

Accepted Answer

A)  GUTs 
B)  Quantum mechanics 
C)  Inflation 
D)  Dark energy

Question 10

Current numerical models suggest that most of the universe is composed of hot dark matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Examine the figure below.String theory requires six spatial dimensions beyond the familiar three.Where might the extra dimensions required by string theory be?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the figure below.String theory requires six...

Question 12

What does the large-scale structure of the universe look most like?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sponge with many large holes 
B)  A loaf of wheat bread with many tiny holes 
C)  A plate of flat noodles 
D)  A jar of marbles

Question 13

How do astronomers explain the formation of elliptical galaxies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do astronomers explain the formation of...

Question 14

Directly after the Big Bang,the universe was filled with a variety of charged particles,antiparticles,and photons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a closed (spherical)universe,the sum of the angles in a triangle is:

Accepted Answer

A)  180 degrees 
B)   180 degrees 
D)  240 degrees

Question 16

Why can't dark matter halos collapse to be the same size as the visible parts of galaxies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dark matter can't dissipate its energy through collisions. 
B)  Dark matter is mostly made of mini-black holes. 
C)  Dark matter has much more angular momentum. 
D)  Dark matter annihilates when it begins to get that dense.

Question 17

At what stage in the universe's history do we think the asymmetry between matter and antimatter was created?

Accepted Answer

A)  At the very moment the Big Bang occurred 
B)  Around the time gravity separated out of the theory of everything 
C)  Around the time the strong force separated out of the grand unified theory 
D)  Around the time the weak force and electromagnetism separated

Question 18

Is Einstein's "biggest blunder" still considered a mistake?

Accepted Answer

A)  No,the cosmological constant is nonzero. 
B)  Yes,the cosmological constant turned out to be zero. 
C)  Somewhat,because he could have predicted that the universe was expanding even before Hubble observed it. 
D)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 19

Examine the figure below and then describe how elliptical galaxies form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the figure below and then describe...

Question 20

Is the theory behind Type IV multiverses testable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes,because if you wait long enough you can see past your current horizon. 
B)  Yes,because your universe is a part of a larger structure. 
C)  No,because the different multiverses cannot communicate with one another. 
D)  No,because quantum mechanics forbids it.

Exam 17: Modern Cosmology and the Origin of Structure

In some particle physics theories,the universe must have more than three spatial dimensions,but we experience only three.Why would we not see the other spatial dimensions?

Observations of Type Ia supernovae in distant galaxies confirm that the expansion of the universe is decreasing over time.

The figure below shows scale factor R_U as a function of time over the age of the universe.Ignoring the presence of dark energy,which curve would represent an implausible open universe?

Our current ideas on galaxy formation suggest that the visible parts of galaxies:

If $\varOmega$ _matter= 0.5 today and there were no dark energy,the universe would:

According to superstring theory,how are different varieties of elementary particles similar? How do they differ?

What is the fundamental difference between the two basic types of dark matter? List an example of each type.

By the time the universe was 5 minutes old,approximately 24 percent of the normal matter in it had been turned into:

What can simultaneously solve both the flatness and horizon problems in cosmology?

Current numerical models suggest that most of the universe is composed of hot dark matter.

Examine the figure below.String theory requires six spatial dimensions beyond the familiar three.Where might the extra dimensions required by string theory be?

What does the large-scale structure of the universe look most like?

How do astronomers explain the formation of elliptical galaxies?

Directly after the Big Bang,the universe was filled with a variety of charged particles,antiparticles,and photons.

In a closed (spherical) universe,the sum of the angles in a triangle is:

Why can't dark matter halos collapse to be the same size as the visible parts of galaxies?

At what stage in the universe's history do we think the asymmetry between matter and antimatter was created?

Is Einstein's "biggest blunder" still considered a mistake?

Examine the figure below and then describe how elliptical galaxies form.

Is the theory behind Type IV multiverses testable?

Exam 17: Modern Cosmology and the Origin of Structure

In some particle physics theories,the universe must have more than three spatial dimensions,but we experience only three.Why would we not see the other spatial dimensions?

Observations of Type Ia supernovae in distant galaxies confirm that the expansion of the universe is decreasing over time.

The figure below shows scale factor RU as a function of time over the age of the universe.Ignoring the presence of dark energy,which curve would represent an implausible open universe?

Our current ideas on galaxy formation suggest that the visible parts of galaxies:

If Ω\varOmegaΩ matter = 0.5 today and there were no dark energy,the universe would:

According to superstring theory,how are different varieties of elementary particles similar? How do they differ?

What is the fundamental difference between the two basic types of dark matter? List an example of each type.

By the time the universe was 5 minutes old,approximately 24 percent of the normal matter in it had been turned into:

What can simultaneously solve both the flatness and horizon problems in cosmology?

Current numerical models suggest that most of the universe is composed of hot dark matter.

Examine the figure below.String theory requires six spatial dimensions beyond the familiar three.Where might the extra dimensions required by string theory be?

What does the large-scale structure of the universe look most like?

How do astronomers explain the formation of elliptical galaxies?

Directly after the Big Bang,the universe was filled with a variety of charged particles,antiparticles,and photons.

In a closed (spherical) universe,the sum of the angles in a triangle is:

Why can't dark matter halos collapse to be the same size as the visible parts of galaxies?

At what stage in the universe's history do we think the asymmetry between matter and antimatter was created?

Is Einstein's "biggest blunder" still considered a mistake?

Examine the figure below and then describe how elliptical galaxies form.

Is the theory behind Type IV multiverses testable?

The figure below shows scale factor R_U as a function of time over the age of the universe.Ignoring the presence of dark energy,which curve would represent an implausible open universe?

If $\varOmega$ _matter= 0.5 today and there were no dark energy,the universe would: