Question 1

In a study of caffeine ingestion and its subsequent effect on test scores,what is the DEPENDENT variable?

Accepted Answer

A) test scores 
B) number of subjects 
C) amount of caffeine consumed 
D) cognitive process involved

Question 2

Sarah was a participant in an experiment investigating the effect of pain on learning.So she thought she had been randomly assigned to be the teacher and was actually shocking the learner.Sarah was horrified and upset during the entire experiment but thought she should try to help the researcher.She still felt bad after she was told no one was really hurt.What is the likelihood of this design being approved today?

Accepted Answer

A) The likelihood is high,as the participants were debriefed. 
B) The likelihood is low,as the debriefing was not sufficient. 
C) The likelihood is high,because it is important to know the effects of coercion on people. 
D) The likelihood is low,because the participants were not informed of the procedure.

Question 3

The way children learn to process information and retain that information in their memory is an example of what element of the biopsychosocial model?

Accepted Answer

A) biological 
B) social 
C) physical 
D) psychological

Question 4

Of the following,which is an advantage of using longitudinal methods of investigation?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows for discovering long-term habits of people as they occur in the context of time. 
B) It is relatively inexpensive. 
C) Subject availability is generally consistent. 
D) Changes in the environment do not usually affect results.

Question 5

What is a disadvantage of using the cross-sectional design?

Accepted Answer

A) Expense 
B) Subject variability 
C) Changes in the environment 
D) Differences in age cohorts

Question 6

__________ argued that children must have formal instruction in order to become functional adults.

Accepted Answer

A) Rene Descartes 
B) William James 
C) John Locke 
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 7

The epigenetic view stressed the:

Accepted Answer

A) interaction between heredity and environment. 
B) role of genes in developmental outcomes. 
C) separation of nature and nurture in understanding development. 
D) the importance of social influences on genetic expression.

Question 8

Which of the following does Jordin Tootoo's life story exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A) A person tends to follow the same path that his parents and siblings did. 
B) Individuals can proceed through the lifespan by remaining faithful to their values. 
C) The majority of developmental change happens within the first ten to twelve years of life. 
D) Jordin Tootoo is an example of an individual who failed to overcome risk factors.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a naturalistic experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Studying the effects of coffee by having students use coffee for two weeks and then go without it for two weeks 
B) Studying the effects of music on academics by having students take a test in silence,and then repeating the test while listening to music 
C) Studying the effects of an earthquake by comparing the grieving of persons who lost their homes with those who did not 
D) Studying the effects of temperature on buying habits by altering the temperature in a store and tracking purchasing habits

Question 10

At which level of cultural understanding does one know the facts that make up another person's cultural history?

Accepted Answer

A) Superficial 
B) Intermediate 
C) Significant 
D) Intensive

Question 11

Of the following,who would be most likely to argue against the concept of play as the "work of childhood" and,as such,important to development?

Accepted Answer

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
B) Roman scholars 
C) John Locke 
D) all of these are correct

Question 12

__________ refers to the customs,values,and traditions inherent in one's environment.

Accepted Answer

A) Culture 
B) Biopsychosocial interactions 
C) Development 
D) None of these

Question 13

The developmental period known as infancy lasts from birth to about:

Accepted Answer

A) four years of age. 
B) three years of age. 
C) two years of age. 
D) about one year of age.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of descriptive study?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-report 
B) Case 
C) Observational 
D) Manipulative

Question 15

Hannah and Elizabeth are 18-year-old twins.Every year since they were born,they have participated in a research project.A researcher contacts them annually,and they complete a battery of psychological tests.They are participating in a:

Accepted Answer

A) one-time,one-group study. 
B) longitudinal study. 
C) cross-sectional study. 
D) descriptive study.

Question 16

Christine is having a difficult time.Her friends want her to move out of the house now that she is nearing graduation,but Christine still enjoys her time with her parents and total independence is frightening.Of the following developmental theorists,who would predict this as a typical concern of an adolescent?

Accepted Answer

A) Sigmund Freud 
B) Charles Darwin 
C) Jacqueline Lerner and Nancy Galambos 
D) Jean Piaget

Question 17

As identified by the author,all of the following represent objectives of lifespan psychology as a discipline with the EXCEPTION of:

Accepted Answer

A) providing an organized account of development across the lifespan. 
B) identifying interconnections between later and earlier events. 
C) accounting for mechanisms responsible for lifespan development. 
D) controlling or redirecting unfavorable aspects of development.

Question 18

It has been argued by your text book author and others that the unique characteristic of humans that sets them apart from non-humans is that humans have an innate desire to:

Accepted Answer

A) reproduce and take care of their offspring. 
B) communicate with each other with non-verbal signals. 
C) use tools. 
D) understand the reasons that events occur.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best suits the concept of adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A) Adulthood is the beginning of inevitable decline. 
B) Adulthood is just as important as childhood in understanding the lifespan. 
C) Adulthood is a time of stability as exemplified by the saying,"You can't teach an old dog new tricks." 
D) Development is complete at the end of adolescence.

Question 20

Of all the manipulative design types presented in the text,which is considered the least valuable?

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic 
B) One-time,one-group 
C) Longitudinal 
D) Cross-sectional

Exam 1: Lifespan Development: An Introduction