Question 1

According to Rotter,people with high internal locus of control believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  they can do well in nearly everything.
B)  luck is the principal determiner of success.
C)  there will always be wars,no matter how hard people try to prevent them.
D)  the source of control is mostly inside them. D

Question 2

Mischel's consistency paradox is based on his notion that

Accepted Answer

A)  laypeople believe that behavior is consistent,but professional psychologists see it as inconsistent.
B)  laypeople believe that behavior is inconsistent,but professional psychologists see it as consistent.
C)  both laypeople and professional psychologists see behavior as consistent,whereas research suggests that it is inconsistent.
D)  both laypeople and professional psychologists see behavior as inconsistent,whereas research suggests that it is consistent. C

Question 3

Rotter's concept of ______ allows for more generalized predictions than those permitted by the basic prediction formula.

Accepted Answer

A)  needs (i.e.,goal-directed behavior[s]) 
B)  reinforcement value
C)  expectancy
D)  external reinforcement
E)  reinforcement-reinforcement sequence A

Question 4

In Rotter's general prediction formula,need potential is a function of

Accepted Answer

A)  freedom of movement and need value.
B)  behavior potential and the psychological situation.
C)  interpersonal trust and internal locus of control.
D)  heredity and environment.

Question 5

According to Rotter,individuals who set their goals too high

Accepted Answer

A)  develop correspondingly high expectancies of success.
B)  score high on internal control of reinforcement.
C)  quickly change to lower-level goals when they fail.
D)  engage in avoidant behavior because of frustration.

Question 6

Walter Mischel was born in the same city where _____ lived most of his life.

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert Bandura
B)  Carl Jung
C)  Al Capone
D)  Sigmund Freud

Question 7

According to Rotter,four variables and their interactions must be analyzed to ensure accurate predictions.They include all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral potential.
B)  expectancy.
C)  psychological situation.
D)  reinforcement value.
E)  law of effect.

Question 8

Rotter defined maladaptive behavior as behavior that

Accepted Answer

A)  satisfies a neurotic need.
B)  has low need value and high freedom of movement.
C)  moves a person closer to a desired goal.
D)  stems from repression of sexual drives.
E)  fails to move a person closer to a desired goal.

Question 9

According to Mischel,behavior is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the interaction of person variables with situational variables.
B)  environmental contingencies.
C)  relatively permanent personal dispositions.
D)  the interaction between need potential and freedom of movement.

Question 10

Rotter's basic prediction formula states that behavior potential is a function of

Accepted Answer

A)  the interaction of heredity,or nature,and environment,or nurture.
B)  the interaction of the individual's cognition and goals.
C)  expectancies and reinforcement value in a certain situation.
D)  a combination of interpersonal trust and locus of control.

Question 11

An important aspect of Rotter's concept of humanity is his belief that people

Accepted Answer

A)  are motivated by the single overriding drive toward self-actualization.
B)  are motivated more by their perceptions of events than by the events.
C)  can best be understood as extensions of laboratory animals.
D)  are driven by their past experiences with reinforcement.

Question 12

Mischel's personality model suggests that behavior is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  people's view of themselves in a particular situation.
B)  people's view of environmental reinforcers.
C)  global personal traits acquired during infancy.
D)  a unifying master motive acquired during early adolescence.

Question 13

Mischel and Shoda's cognitive-affective personality system predicts that a person's behavior will

Accepted Answer

A)  stay stable from one situation to another.
B)  change from one situation to another,but in a meaningful manner.
C)  change from one situation to another,depending solely on differences in the situation.
D)  change as personal dispositions change.

Question 14

While he was still a graduate student,Mischel was influenced by which two teachers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rotter and Kelly
B)  Bandura and Skinner
C)  Klein and Anna Freud
D)  Adler and Fromm

Question 15

When reinforcement value is held constant and expectancy varies,what factor in Rotter's theory can be predicted?

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement value
B)  expectancy
C)  empirical law of effect
D)  behavior potential
E)  drive strength

Question 16

found that children who were encouraged to imagine real rewards while viewing pictures of rewards

Accepted Answer

A)  could not wait as long for the rewards as could children who were merely exposed to pictures of the rewards.
B)  were able to wait the entire test time for the rewards.
C)  were able to wait longer for the rewards than children who were exposed to the actual rewards.
D)  could not wait as long for the rewards as could children who were exposed to the actual rewards.

Question 17

According to Rotter,reinforcement that satisfies a strong need generally

Accepted Answer

A)  is more highly valued than one that satisfies a weak need.
B)  tends to be negatively valued by the individual.
C)  is less likely to be valued than one that satisfies a weak need.
D)  tends to be negatively valued by society.

Question 18

Mischel suggests that one reason why our behavior tends to be inconsistent is that we

Accepted Answer

A)  have no unifying master motive.
B)  cannot predict others' behavior.
C)  lack a consistent philosophy of life.
D)  All of these are correct.
E)  None of these is correct.

Question 19

To Mischel,behavior is mostly likely to be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  stable,global,basic personal dispositions.
B)  genetic factors.
C)  personality traits.
D)  perception of self in a particular situation.

Question 20

According to Rotter,if expectancy is held constant and reinforcement value varies,then it becomes possible to predict

Accepted Answer

A)  the psychological situation.
B)  interpersonal trust.
C)  behavior potential.
D)  need value.
E)  all of these.

Exam 18: Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory