Question 1

Mrs.Weston asks Colin if he wants his sandwich in one piece,or cut into two pieces.Colin tells her to keep it in one piece because he isn't hungry enough to eat two pieces.In the context of Piaget's theory,Colin's answer suggests that he does not:

Accepted Answer

A)  understand the concept of object permanence. 
B)  know how to add. 
C)  understand the concept of conservation. 
D)  have an egocentric view.

Question 2

Which of the following statements reflects a genuine contribution of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

A)  He recognized that psychosocial development is essentially a lifelong process. 
B)  He recognized that psychosocial development is dependent on nature and not on nurture. 
C)  He recognized that psychosocial development is usually complete by early childhood. 
D)  He recognized that psychosocial development is usually complete by early adolescence.

Question 3

A child demonstrates that she understands the idea of object permanence and egocentrism but fails to understand the concept of conservation.In the context of the Piagetian stages,she is most likely in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  formal operational

Question 4

The "strange situation" experiment is associated with _____;it helps classify the attachment behavior of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Harlow;newborns 
B)  Bandura;toddlers 
C)  Ainsworth;toddlers 
D)  Chomsky;newborns

Question 5

Which theory of aging suggests that human cells have a built-in time limit to their reproduction and that they are no longer able to divide after a certain time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wear-and-tear theory 
B)  Genetic preprogramming theory 
C)  Dual-process theory 
D)  Activity theory

Question 6

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross,which of the following is the stage in which a person aware of his impending death is likely to try to think of ways to postpone death and dedicate his or her life to religion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acceptance 
B)  Anger 
C)  Bargaining 
D)  Denial

Question 7

At twelve months of age,Jordan is classified as a securely attached child by his pediatrician on the basis of the criteria set by Mary Ainsworth.Which of the following behaviors in the strange situation would be most consistent with this classification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jordan is moderately distressed when his mother leaves him alone and is pleased when she returns. 
B)  Jordan is unconcerned when his mother leaves and is uninterested when she returns. 
C)  Jordan is very upset when his mother leaves and seems both relieved and angry when she returns. 
D)  Jordan is very upset when his mother leaves,and he ignores her when she returns.

Question 8

Eliza takes her 1-year-old son,Danny,to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him.Danny eagerly explores the room as long as Eliza is present.When Eliza leaves the room to fill out some forms,Danny becomes somewhat upset.When she returns,though,he quickly calms down.In the context of the findings of Mary Ainsworth,which of the following terms best describes Danny's attachment style?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disorganized 
B)  Ambivalent 
C)  Secure 
D)  Avoidant

Question 9

Making explicit reference to specific stages and concepts,describe your own adolescent and young adult development from an Eriksonian perspective.Try to capture some of the developmental tensions and challenges during this period in your narrative.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Making explicit reference to specific stages and...

Question 10

An infant can survive on its own if it is born at least 22 weeks following conception.This is called the age of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant can survive on its own...

Question 11

In most elementary school curriculum,mathematical variables first appear in the sixth grade.In the context of Piaget's theory,which of the following best supports this trend?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children in the concrete operational stage cannot reason with hypothetical entities such as variables. 
B)  According to Piaget,children in the concrete operational stage are too egocentric. 
C)  Children are incapable of understanding the idea of reversibility until the beginning of the formal operational period. 
D)  Dealing with variables requires mastering the principle of conservation,which does not usually appear until adolescence.

Question 12

A researcher raises a sample of unrelated macaque monkeys in identical laboratory environments.He finds large differences among these monkeys in their preference for novel visual stimuli.What might the researcher legitimately conclude concerning the relative contributions of nature and nurture to the preference for visual novelty?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nurture has a major influence on the monkeys' preference for visual novelty. 
B)  Nature contributes substantially to the monkeys' preference for visual novelty. 
C)  Both nature and nurture have equal influence on the monkeys' preference for visual novelty. 
D)  Neither nature nor nurture has the ability to regulate the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.

Question 13

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross,in the stage,people facing impending death resist the idea that they are dying.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross,in the stage,people facing...

Question 14

Julie had spent two years working in a nearby large city after graduating from college.However,having saved little money,she had to return home to live with her parents when she lost her job.Julie is one of a large number of children in the current generation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julie had spent two years working in...

Question 15

Dennis's mother had consumed a substantial amount of alcohol during her pregnancy;Dennis's intelligence is below normal,his growth is slowed,and his facial features are slightly deformed.Ellis's mother had also consumed a small amount of alcohol,and Ellis shows some,but not all,of the problems Dennis displays.Dennis suffers from _____;Ellis suffers from _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal alcohol effects;fetal alcohol syndrome 
B)  fetal alcohol effects;fetal alcohol effects as well 
C)  fetal alcohol syndrome;fetal alcohol effects 
D)  fetal alcohol syndrome;fetal alcohol syndrome as well

Question 16

During the sensorimotor period,

Accepted Answer

A)  children begin to understand reversibility. 
B)  understanding is based mainly on basic sensory and motor abilities. 
C)  mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world. 
D)  individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions.

Question 17

Environmental agents that are potentially harmful to a developing fetus are termed as .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Environmental agents that are potentially harmful to...

Question 18

Edward is 8 years of age and is currently in the second grade.In the context of the theory propagated by Piaget,Edward is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 19

is the period at which maturation of the sexual organs occurs,beginning at about age 11 or 12 for girls and 13 or 14 for boys.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the period at which maturation of...

Question 20

Dr.Agnew remarks that cross-culturally,rites of passage may be more common for young males than for young females because males have higher status than do females in most cultures.Dr.Blaine counters by suggesting that rites of passage may be more common for young males than for young females because,unlike females,males do not experience the onset of menstruation,a well-defined event marking the end of childhood.Which of the following option characterizes the views of professors on the issue of nature vs nurture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both take a "nature" position. 
B)  Both take a "nurture" position. 
C)  Dr.Agnew takes a "nature" position;Dr.Blaine,a "nurture" position. 
D)  Dr.Agnew takes a "nurture" position;Dr.Blaine,a "nature" position.

Exam 9: Development