Question 1

Wanda is a humanistic psychologist who believes that behavior reflects an individual's own choices-that is,she endorses the notion of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wanda is a humanistic psychologist who believes...

Question 2

Psychology is the science of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychology is the science of ....

Question 3

Beatriz has just received her doctoral degree in psychology.All else being equal,in which of the following settings is she most likely to find employment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A college/university 
B)  The military 
C)  A hospital 
D)  A large business corporation

Question 4

After identifying the question of interest,which is the next step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formulating an explanation 
B)  Evaluating the findings 
C)  Communicating the findings 
D)  Carrying out research designed to support or refute the explanation

Question 5

The humanistic perspective is explicit in its rejection of ,the notion that behavior is caused by factors outside the individual's control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The humanistic perspective is explicit in its...

Question 6

Dr.Lin and Dr.Marino both study obesity.Dr.Lin relates the likelihood of obesity to levels of the trait of neuroticism,the tendency to experience upsetting emotions.Dr.Marino relates obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone,with family members,or in the presence of larger groups of friends,acquaintances,or strangers.Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE regarding the subfields in which the researchers specialize?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr.Marino is a social psychologist. 
B)  Dr.Lin is a social psychologist. 
C)  Dr.Marino is a personality psychologist. 
D)  Dr.Lin is a behavioral psychologist.

Question 7

Psychologists adhering to the _____ perspective are probably the LEAST likely to take a "nature" stance on the nature vs.nurture issue.

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist 
B)  cognitive 
C)  neuroscience 
D)  evolutionary

Question 8

Dr.Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects choices they have made.He is most likely a _____ therapist.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic 
B)  clinical neuroscience 
C)  humanistic 
D)  gestalt

Question 9

How is it that the experimental method allows researchers to draw cause-and-effect conclusions? Identify the critical elements of the experimental method and explain how each helps enable the development of valid causal conclusions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is it that the experimental method...

Question 10

As compared to the theories about human behavior we all develop in daily life,those formulated by psychologists are:

Accepted Answer

A)  more general. 
B)  broader. 
C)  more complex. 
D)  more formal.

Question 11

Which perspective most immediately replaced structuralism in the early days of scientific psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorism 
B)  Humanism 
C)  Functionalism 
D)  Gestalt psychology

Question 12

Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior 
B)  Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death 
C)  Experimental: examines the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking 
D)  Clinical: deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders

Question 13

Personality psychology:

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems. 
B)  focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another. 
C)  focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language. 
D)  deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 14

Wilma is undertaking survey research.Which of the following is she probably doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recording the behaviors of sea lions in their natural habitat 
B)  Observing the problem-solving strategies of an extremely gifted middle school girl 
C)  Comparing students' performance on abstract and concrete versions of problems 
D)  Asking a sample of students a series of questions about their sexual attitudes and behaviors

Question 15

A researcher finds a correlation of -.45 between the amount of stress participants report having experienced recently and participants' scores on an index of physical health.What does this mean? Provide a one-sentence interpretation of this correlation coefficient.Provide three distinct cause-and-effect mechanisms that might explain this correlation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher finds a correlation of -.45...

Question 16

No relationship between two variables is represented by a:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative sign. 
B)  sigma. 
C)  zero. 
D)  positive sign.

Question 17

_____ are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories 
B)  Hypotheses 
C)  Operational definitions 
D)  Suppositions

Question 18

Experimental research requires that the responses of _____ group(s)be examined.

Accepted Answer

A)  at least one 
B)  at least five 
C)  at least two 
D)  at least three

Question 19

Callie works in the field of psychology.All else being equal,there is about a _____chance that her highest degree is a master's degree.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-fifth 
B)  one-fourth 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-sixth

Question 20

DeAndre is recording instances of physical aggression among children in a schoolyard at recess.DeAndre is undertaking:

Accepted Answer

A)  a naturalistic observation. 
B)  an archival research. 
C)  a survey. 
D)  a case study.

Exam 1: Introduction to Psychology