Question 1

Which of the following describes a risk associated with cross-sectional research on IQ?

Accepted Answer

A) In a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores,the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to differences in educational attainment. 
B) In a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores,the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to the 45-year-olds having taken the same test at several points in time. 
C) In a cross-sectional study,the participants may move or die before the study has been completed. 
D) In a cross-sectional study,the researchers incur significant expenditure of time as he or she waits for the participants to get older.

Question 2

The primary criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is:

Accepted Answer

A) its potential lack of generality across cultures. 
B) its focus on moral behavior rather than moral reasoning. 
C) that it pertains to moral behavior rather than moral judgments. 
D) it defines moral behavior largely in terms of concrete principles.

Question 3

From the late teens into the mid-20s,individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A) emerging 
B) beginning 
C) developing 
D) launching

Question 4

Select either (a)Baumrind's four parenting styles or (b)the four Eriksonian stages of psychosocial development occurring during childhood.Name each style or stage and provide a brief vignette or "case study" of a child exhibiting each style or stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select either (a)Baumrind's four parenting styles or...

Question 5

According to Erikson,people engage in the process of life review in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) generativity vs.stagnation 
B) intimacy vs.isolation 
C) identity vs.role confusion 
D) ego-integrity vs.despair

Question 6

_____ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.

Accepted Answer

A) Habituation 
B) Attachment 
C) Polymorphism 
D) Maturation

Question 7

Mrs.Weston asks Colin if he wants his sandwich in one piece,or cut into two pieces.Colin tells her to keep it in one piece because he isn't hungry enough to eat two pieces.In the context of Piaget's theory,Colin's answer suggests that he does not:

Accepted Answer

A) understand the concept of object permanence. 
B) know how to add. 
C) understand the concept of conservation. 
D) have an egocentric view.

Question 8

An infant is considered preterm if it is born before week _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 22 
B) 28 
C) 36 
D) 38

Question 9

While investigating the influence of culture on children's play,it was observed that:

Accepted Answer

A) Korean-American children were free of the influence of culture. 
B) nature had no influence on Anglo-American children. 
C) Anglo-American children were more likely to be influenced by nurture as compared to Korean-American children. 
D) Korean-American children engage in proportionately less "pretend" play than do Anglo-American children.

Question 10

Each chromosome contains thousands of _____,smaller units through which genetic information is transmitted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each chromosome contains thousands of _____,smaller units...

Question 11

The "strange situation" experiment is associated with _____; it helps classify the attachment behavior of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Harlow; newborns 
B) Bandura; toddlers 
C) Ainsworth; toddlers 
D) Chomsky; newborns

Question 12

In the _____ stage of development,the developing individual is less than an inch long and has developed a rudimentary beating heart,a brain,an intestinal tract,and a number of other organs that are at a primitive stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic 
B) fetal 
C) germinal 
D) neonatal

Question 13

Under the skillful guidance of her English teacher,Daisy gains a deeper understanding of Shakespeare's plays than she could have developed on her own.Vygotsky used the term _____to refer to the type of assistance Daisy's teacher is providing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under the skillful guidance of her English...

Question 14

An infant can survive on its own if it is born at least 22 weeks following conception.This is called the age of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant can survive on its own...

Question 15

The longest part of a pregnancy,from the 8th week through to birth,is the _____ period.

Accepted Answer

A) germinal 
B) embryonic 
C) zygotic 
D) fetal

Question 16

Some Western legal systems denote either 7 or 8 as the age at which a child attains reason.Is such a designation defensible from a Piagetian standpoint?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes.Children do acquire some basic reasoning skills during the concrete operational period. 
B) Yes.Children become capable of abstract,hypothetical reasoning during the concrete operational period. 
C) No.Children are unable to reason prior to the formal operational period. 
D) No.Children can reason much earlier than this,during the preoperational period.

Question 17

Arrange the following genetic materials in increasing order of their size based on the way they occur naturally.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA,gene,and chromosome 
B) DNA,chromosome,and gene 
C) Gene,DNA,and chromosome 
D) Gene,chromosome,and DNA

Question 18

Which of the following chromosomal combination is present in a typical male child?

Accepted Answer

A) XX 
B) XY 
C) YY 
D) XXY

Question 19

Unlearned automatic responses to particular stimuli are called_____ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlearned automatic responses to particular stimuli are...

Question 20

Cross-sectional research techniques provide information about age _____ in development between different age groups.Longitudinal research techniques provide information concerning _____ in behavior over time.

Accepted Answer

A) changes; age differences 
B) changes; age changes 
C) differences; age differences 
D) differences; changes

Exam 12: Development