Question 1

As a comet curves around the Sun,its tail rotates also,always pointing away from the direction in which the comet is heading.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

This figure (Fig.14.50)shows:

Accepted Answer

A)   a computer model of the earth's magnetic field.
B)   Earth's magnetic field between polarity reversals.
C)   a computer model of the effect of solar wind on Earth's magnetic field.
D)   a computer model of the Earth's magnetic field during a reversal.
E)   a computer model of the Earth's defense plan against solar wind,where orange is the defense simulation for the South pole and blue is for the North pole. D

Question 3

The Chelyabinsk explosion released energy equal to that of a nuclear weapon killing more than 1500 people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

A comet's tail is a vapour trail behind a comet that points in the direction from which the comet came.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Pingualuit,Quebec is a classic example of an impact crater.All of the following represent unique characteristics (features)of the crater except:

Accepted Answer

A)   a well-preserved rim rising some 160 m above the tundra surface.
B)   it is one of the deepest freshwater lakes in the world (250 m) .
C)   a lot of species of fish live in this deep lake.
D)   when Pingualuit Lake overflowed and drained into a neighboring lake,fish probably swam upcurrent from that lake into Pingualuit Lake.

Question 6

Geomagnetic disturbances were first noticed on the telephone network.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Likely effects of the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg)boundary impact include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   A monumental earthquake with numerous aftershocks
B)   A tsunami up to 300 metres high
C)   Regional or even global wildfires
D)   Significant long-term cooling in the oceans but warming in continental areas
E)   Dust and soot in the atmosphere would block sunlight for weeks or months

Question 8

Comets are composed of _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ice and rocky debris
B)   gas,mostly hydrogen and helium
C)   solid rock
D)   plasma
E)   unknown material

Question 9

The development of the crater in Figure 14.17 can be closely associated with _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lava dome development.
B)   the moment when a raindrop hits a pond.
C)   the effect of shock waves when a meteor impacts the top of the atmosphere.
D)   a rock dropped on sand material.
E)   the solution-collapse process of subsidence

Question 10

Abundant large diamonds,also commonly found in meteorites,occur in the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg)boundary clay layer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Evidence demonstrating that Meteor crater,Arizona,formed by meteorite impact includes all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   The crater is steep-sided and closed.
B)   The rim of surrounding rock was created by uplifting the horizontal sedimentary-rock layers of the region and tilting them away from the crater.
C)   Little hills of rock outside the crater rim are inverted piles of the rock sequence exposed in the crater walls.
D)   Huge blocks of limestone are strewn around outside the crater.
E)   Numerous pieces of iron-rich meteorite with a combined weight of 30 tonnes were found in the area

Question 12

Critical evidence for the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T)boundary impact included ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   dinosaur fossils worldwide just above the layer of impact debris
B)   an iridium anomaly in a thin layer of rock 65 million years old
C)   recovery of very large pieces of meteorite
D)   discovery of a crater covered by jungle vegetation in Brazil

Question 13

During the sunspot minimum known as ___________ Earth's _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Medieval Maximum (900-1300) ;temperature rose 1.5°C
B)   Maunder Minimum (1645-1715) ;temperature fell 0.2°C
C)   Younger (10 000 years ago) ;temperature was -10°C
D)   Maunder Maximum (1400 - 1900) ;temperature rose 0.2°C
E)   none of these choices are correct

Question 14

Why can asteroids not stick together and form a planet?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are traveling too fast,so there are no collisions.
B)   They are travelling so fast that individual collisions are too energetic to allow the asteroids to unite.
C)   The gravitational acceleration caused by Jupiter causes asteroids to move away from each other.
D)   They are more likely to collide with Jupiter because of the strong gravitational pull.
E)   None of these choices are correct.

Question 15

The Chelyabinsk meteor was detected a few days before the impact.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Figure 14.11 plots the return period of impact events and shows ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the smaller the meteoroids,the greater their frequency of impact
B)   the larger the meteoroids,the greater their frequency of impact
C)   there is no relationship between size and impact frequency

Question 17

Relatively few impact craters have been discovered on Earth because _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   most rocks are too resistant to crater
B)   the gravitational field is too weak
C)   weathering,erosion,and tectonic processes erase them
D)   Jupiter is so massive that it deflects potential impactors away from Earth

Question 18

The solar system is surrounded by the Oort cloud composed of about a trillion comets.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Several times in the last 543 million years,many of the species on Earth became extinct in a geologically short time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The outer planets lie at great distances from the Sun,and are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium gas surrounding rocky cores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Hazards From Space

As a comet curves around the Sun,its tail rotates also,always pointing away from the direction in which the comet is heading.

This figure (Fig.14.50) shows:

The Chelyabinsk explosion released energy equal to that of a nuclear weapon killing more than 1500 people.

A comet's tail is a vapour trail behind a comet that points in the direction from which the comet came.

Pingualuit,Quebec is a classic example of an impact crater.All of the following represent unique characteristics (features) of the crater except:

Geomagnetic disturbances were first noticed on the telephone network.

Likely effects of the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary impact include all but which of the following?

Comets are composed of _____________________.

The development of the crater in Figure 14.17 can be closely associated with _____________.

Abundant large diamonds,also commonly found in meteorites,occur in the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg)boundary clay layer.

Evidence demonstrating that Meteor crater,Arizona,formed by meteorite impact includes all but which of the following?

Critical evidence for the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary impact included ___________________.

During the sunspot minimum known as _ Earth's _____.

Why can asteroids not stick together and form a planet?

The Chelyabinsk meteor was detected a few days before the impact.

Figure 14.11 plots the return period of impact events and shows ___________.

Relatively few impact craters have been discovered on Earth because _________________.

The solar system is surrounded by the Oort cloud composed of about a trillion comets.

Several times in the last 543 million years,many of the species on Earth became extinct in a geologically short time.

The outer planets lie at great distances from the Sun,and are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium gas surrounding rocky cores.