When Brady Is Driving He Throws His Cigarette Butts Out

Multiple Choice

When Brady is driving he throws his cigarette butts out the window, reasoning that other people will clean up the litter on the side of the road. By throwing his cigarette butts out the window, Brady is:

A) helping to achieve the socially optimal level of litter.
B) creating a positive externality for himself.
C) imposing an external cost on others.
D) treating his private property as common property.