Question 1

Sometimes we are prone to judge an individual based on our notion of the category of people he or she most closely resembles;that is,we fall prey to the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sometimes we are prone to judge an...

Question 2

Dancers,athletes,actors,and surgeons display:

Accepted Answer

A)  bodily kinesthetic intelligence. 
B)  naturalist intelligence. 
C)  intrapersonal intelligence. 
D)  spatial intelligence.

Question 3

The first intelligence tests were developed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Galton. 
B)  Binet. 
C)  Spearman. 
D)  Weschler.

Question 4

Nigel often cites newspaper editorials favoring the presidential candidate he supports;he appears to ignore editorials critical of the candidate.Nigel appears prone to:

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness. 
B)  mental set. 
C)  the confirmation bias. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic.

Question 5

Imagine that overall,6-year-olds can complete a particular block design puzzle in 5 minutes.It takes Bailey almost 8 minutes to complete the task.In Binet's terms,Bailey's _____ age is _____ than 6.

Accepted Answer

A)  chronological;higher 
B)  chronological;lower 
C)  mental;higher 
D)  mental;lower

Question 6

How do psychologists define creativity? Identify some of the cognitive processes and personality characteristics that appear to be associated with creativity.How might you describe the relationship between creativity and intelligence? To what extent does this relationship reflect the traditional assessment of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do psychologists define creativity? Identify some...

Question 7

Which of the following alternatives offers the most accurate assessment of the origin of familial retardation in nature on the one hand,or nurture on the other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Familial retardation is almost always genetic in origin,thereby reflecting nature. 
B)  About 1/3 of the cases of familial retardation have a known basis in biology,or nature. 
C)  Familial retardation is most often environmental in origin;that is,it reflects nurture. 
D)  We do not know the extent to which familial retardation reflects nature and nurture.

Question 8

In contrast to _____,_____ is more a reflection of the culture in which a person is raised.

Accepted Answer

A)  existential intelligence;fluid intelligence 
B)  crystallized intelligence;existential intelligence 
C)  fluid intelligence;crystallized intelligence 
D)  existential intelligence;kinesthetic intelligence

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE of heuristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics always lead to correct solutions of a problem. 
B)  Heuristics are a slower way to solve problems than are other strategies. 
C)  Heuristics represent commonly used approaches to the solution of a problem. 
D)  Heuristics are used by computers but not by humans as problem-solving tools.

Question 10

Ashley,a psychology major,remarks that she has become interested in the study of intelligence.In other words,Ashley is interested in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the capacity to understand the world,think rationally,and use resources effectively. 
B)  how behavior changes as a result of experience. 
C)  the factors directing behavior toward a goal. 
D)  the ability to generate novel solutions to problems.

Question 11

Anita is mildly retarded;Brady is moderately retarded;Candace is severely retarded;and Denny is profoundly retarded.Which of these individuals can probably hold a job? Which of these individuals is probably unable to care for himself or herself?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anita;Denny 
B)  Anita;Brady 
C)  Candace;Anita 
D)  Candace;Denny

Question 12

The _____ is a rule we apply when we judge people by the degree to which they depict a certain category or group of people.

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  stereotypic bias

Question 13

A psychological test is reliable when it:

Accepted Answer

A)  measures what it is actually supposed to measure. 
B)  has been normed using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed. 
C)  yields consistent measurements. 
D)  measures the positives in the test.

Question 14

Imagine that American children and African children are asked to memorize the locations of objects on a chessboard.In one condition,the objects are rocks;in the other,they are household objects common in the West.What might you predict regarding the children's performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The performance of the American children will exceed that of the African children in both conditions. 
B)  The performance of the African children will exceed that of the American children in both conditions. 
C)  The performance of the African children will be equivalent to that of the American children in both conditions. 
D)  The performance of the African children will exceed that of the American children when the objects are rocks but not when they are Western household objects.

Question 15

Janet has a knack for figuring things out.When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before,Janet always manages to find a solution.Janet is high in _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial 
B)  flexible 
C)  fluid 
D)  crystallized

Question 16

Last week,Mike heard about five separate airplane crashes on the news.Even though,overall,motorcycle accidents account for more accidents than plane crashes do,Mike decides to ride his motorcycle from Washington to Atlanta instead of flying.Which bias is reflected in Mike's decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  The availability heuristic 
B)  The confirmation bias 
C)  The syllogistic error 
D)  The representativeness heuristic

Question 17

"The discrepancy in IQ scores between whites and blacks in the United States has nothing to do with race." Support this reference using empirical data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "The discrepancy in IQ scores between whites...

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the fate of Binet's intelligence test within psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  It really has had little lasting influence on contemporary intelligence testing. 
B)  It is still used,and it is in virtually the same form as Binet's original test. 
C)  It was used for a number of decades,but was then abandoned. 
D)  It is still used,but in a heavily revised form.

Question 19

Which of the following impediments to effective problem solving is INCORRECTLY matched with an illustrative problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Confirmation bias-problem of security in the Middle East 
B)  Functional fixedness-water jar problem 
C)  Mental set-water jar problem 
D)  Functional fixedness-candle problem

Question 20

Estelle is playing with images and concepts in her mind.Her cognitive psychology professor would say that she is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Estelle is playing with images and concepts...

Exam 7: Memory