Why Does Immunization Against Interest Rate Shocks Using Duration for Fixed-Income

Multiple Choice

Why does immunization against interest rate shocks using duration for fixed-income securities work?

A) Because interest rate changes are relatively predictable.
B) Because the gains or losses on reinvested cash flows that result from an interest rate change are exactly offset by losses or gains from the security when it is sold.
C) Because the fixed-income security gravitates toward its maturity value as it approaches its maximum duration.
D) Because cash flows that result from the security are not reinvested so they are not affected by interest rate changes in the same way as the security's gain or loss when it is sold.