Question 1

For a 3x3 table,the appropriate chi square based measure of association would be

Accepted Answer

A) Cramer's V. 
B) phi. 
C) lambda. 
D) gamma.

Question 2

As measures of association,phi and Cramer's V are especially useful when

Accepted Answer

A) an ANOVA test has already been conducted. 
B) percentages have not been calculated. 
C) cell frequencies are unknown. 
D) Chi square has already been calculateD.

Question 3

In the formula for Cramer's V,the expression (minimum of r - 1,c - 1)

Accepted Answer

A) appears in the numerator. 
B) tells us to use phi if there are fewer than 3 rows or columns. 
C) is in the denominator. 
D) is used only for samples larger than 100.

Question 4

Which is the correct expression for finding E1?

Accepted Answer

A) N - k 
B) N - E2 
C) phi - V 
D) N - (largest row total)

Question 5

While ignoring the independent variable,we make 78 errors when predicting the dependent variable.When taking the independent into account,we reduce the number of errors to 43.Therefore,

Accepted Answer

A) the variables are not associated. 
B) the variables are associated. 
C) the independent variable is definitely a cause of the dependent variable. 
D) phi will be 0.

Question 6

Unlike lambda,phi

Accepted Answer

A) is computed from percentages. 
B) ranges from -1.00 to +1.00. 
C) is the square root of Cramer's V. 
D) is based on chi square.

Question 7

When the row marginals are extremely unequal,

Accepted Answer

A) lambda is the preferred measure of association. 
B) lambda may exceed 1.00. 
C) any chi square based measure of association will be less than zero. 
D) lambda may be zero even though there is an association between the variables.

Question 8

For tables larger than 2x2,phi can exceed 1.00.This makes phi

Accepted Answer

A) useless. 
B) difficult to interpret. 
C) the best measure of association. 
D) preferable to Cramer's V.

Question 9

A researcher finds that males are much more supportive of cohabitation than females.The phi is 0.25.This is a ____ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) moderate 
B) negative 
C) positive 
D) strong

Question 10

To find E2,

Accepted Answer

A) multiply E1 by N. 
B) subtract the largest cell frequency in each column from the column total and then add the subtotals. 
C) subtract the column totals from the largest cell frequency in each column and then add subtotals together. 
D) subtract the respective column totals from row totals and divide by N.

Question 11

When selecting measures of association to assess the relationship between variables measured at different levels,social scientists generally choose the measure

Accepted Answer

A) that is appropriate for the lower of the levels. 
B) that is appropriate for the higher of the levels. 
C) the measure that makes their results look best. 
D) the measure with the highest numerical value.

Question 12

Proportional reduction in error (PRE)measures of association are based on the logic of

Accepted Answer

A) percentages. 
B) inference. 
C) prediction. 
D) zero errors.

Question 13

Lambda is a PRE measure that is used when variables are measured at the

Accepted Answer

A) nominal level. 
B) ordinal level. 
C) interval-ratio level. 
D) any of the above

Question 14

TABLE 13.1
$\begin{array}{l|l|l|l|}
\hline &\text { GENDER }\
\hline\text { CHURCH ATTENDANCE } & \text { Male } & \text { Female } & \
\hline \text { Attend } & 200 & 350 & 550 \
\hline \text { Don't attend } & 300 & 150 & 450 \
\hline & 500 & 500 & 1000 \
\hline
\end{array}$
Lambda for Table 13.1 is

Accepted Answer

A) 1.00. 
B) .87. 
C) .50. 
D) .22.

Question 15

A researcher tested the relationship between gender and support for assisted suicide ("death with dignity")and found a Cramer's V of 0.45.This relationship is

Accepted Answer

A) strong. 
B) weak. 
C) positive. 
D) significant but not important.

Question 16

If you would like to compute a chi-square based measure of association for a 3x4 table,the appropriate measure would be

Accepted Answer

A) Cramer's V. 
B) phi. 
C) lambda. 
D) the maximum difference.

Question 17

A bivariate table shows the association between gender and whether or not a person ever attends formal religious services.Lambda was .34.What may be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) women are more likely to attend church 
B) men are more likely to attend church 
C) knowing a person's gender improves our ability to predict whether or not they attend religious services by 34% 
D) knowing whether a person attends religious services improves our ability to predict their gender by 34%

Exam 13: Association Between Variables Measured at the Nominal Level