Question 1

Explain goodness of fit.

Accepted Answer

Goodness of fit refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope.

Question 2

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mothers smile more at their children.
B)   Fathers are more physical with their children.
C)   Mothers express more emotions with their children.
D)   Fathers are less affectionate with their children. B

Question 3

Children can begin to regulate their emotions

Accepted Answer

A)   by age 3.
B)   by age 2.
C)   by age 1.
D)   shortly after birth. D

Question 4

Stranger anxiety is negatively correlated with

Accepted Answer

A)   proximity to mother.
B)   emotional maturity.
C)   temperament.
D)   age of the stranger.

Question 5

The idea that children have different temperaments should lead parents to realize that

Accepted Answer

A)   self-fulfilling prophecies are not a concern in child-rearing.
B)   there is little they can do to influence their children's personalities.
C)   there is no single best way to raise all children.
D)   conflict with their children is inevitable and normal at some point in their lives.

Question 6

An attachment classification that is characterized by the infant's behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants explore the playroom when the caregiver is present,may mildly protest when the caregiver leaves the room,but establish positive interactions with caregiver on reunion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An attachment classification that is characterized by...

Question 7

Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the three main types of insecurely...

Question 8

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers

Accepted Answer

A)   are less able to be nurturing caregivers than mothers.
B)   are biologically more suited for a nurturing caregiver role than are mothers.
C)   interact with their babies in different ways depending on whether they are the primary caregiver.
D)   interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do,regardless of which parent is the primary caregiver.

Question 9

In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n)__________ temperament,whereas in China,a(n)_________ temperament is more highly valued.

Accepted Answer

A)   active; inhibited
B)   inhibited; active
C)   inner-focused; outward-focused
D)   outward-focused; inner-focused

Question 10

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition to the unfamiliar.
B)   positive or negative mood state.
C)   effortful control.
D)   (hyper) activity level.

Question 11

A type of "baby cry" that is characterized by a sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning followed by breath-holding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A type of "baby cry" that is...

Question 12

This theorist argues that inhibition is the key characteristics of temperament.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This theorist argues that inhibition is the...

Question 13

Mary Rothbart and John Bates (2006)believe that which of these is an important dimension of infant temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)   activity level
B)   self-regulation
C)   being slow to warm up
D)   behavioral inhibition

Question 14

A smile that does NOT occur in response to external stimuli is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexive smile.
B)   social smile.
C)   protective smile.
D)   attentive smile.

Question 15

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will MOST likely be delayed in

Accepted Answer

A)   the development of emotions.
B)   the expression of emotions.
C)   the regulation of emotions.
D)   expressing positive but not negative emotions.

Question 16

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following BEST accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

A)   He developed autonomy during childhood.
B)   He has a close attachment with his parents.
C)   He has an easy temperament.
D)   He developed trust as an infant.

Question 17

A smile in response to an external stimulus,which,early in development,typically is a face.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A smile in response to an external...

Question 18

Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction.These researchers are studying the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   trust.
B)   attachment.
C)   temperament.
D)   sense of self.

Question 19

Which type of smiling occurs as a response to an external stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   social smiling
B)   reflexive smiling
C)   both reflexive and social smiling
D)   neither reflexive nor social smiling

Question 20

List the three types of temperament as classified by Stella Thomas and Alexander Chess (1977,1991).Describe the characteristics of babies in each of the categories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the three types of temperament as...

Exam 4: Physical Development and Health

Explain goodness of fit.

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Children can begin to regulate their emotions

Stranger anxiety is negatively correlated with

The idea that children have different temperaments should lead parents to realize that

An attachment classification that is characterized by the infant's behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants explore the playroom when the caregiver is present,may mildly protest when the caregiver leaves the room,but establish positive interactions with caregiver on reunion.

Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants.

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers

In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) __ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _ temperament is more highly valued.

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

A type of "baby cry" that is characterized by a sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning followed by breath-holding.

This theorist argues that inhibition is the key characteristics of temperament.

Mary Rothbart and John Bates (2006) believe that which of these is an important dimension of infant temperament?

A smile that does NOT occur in response to external stimuli is called a(n)

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will MOST likely be delayed in

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following BEST accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

A smile in response to an external stimulus,which,early in development,typically is a face.

Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction.These researchers are studying the concept of

Which type of smiling occurs as a response to an external stimulus?

List the three types of temperament as classified by Stella Thomas and Alexander Chess (1977,1991).Describe the characteristics of babies in each of the categories.

Exam 4: Physical Development and Health

Explain goodness of fit.

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Children can begin to regulate their emotions

Stranger anxiety is negatively correlated with

The idea that children have different temperaments should lead parents to realize that

An attachment classification that is characterized by the infant's behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants explore the playroom when the caregiver is present,may mildly protest when the caregiver leaves the room,but establish positive interactions with caregiver on reunion.

Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants.

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers

In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) __________ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _________ temperament is more highly valued.

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

A type of "baby cry" that is characterized by a sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning followed by breath-holding.

This theorist argues that inhibition is the key characteristics of temperament.

Mary Rothbart and John Bates (2006) believe that which of these is an important dimension of infant temperament?

A smile that does NOT occur in response to external stimuli is called a(n)

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will MOST likely be delayed in

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following BEST accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

A smile in response to an external stimulus,which,early in development,typically is a face.

Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction.These researchers are studying the concept of

Which type of smiling occurs as a response to an external stimulus?

List the three types of temperament as classified by Stella Thomas and Alexander Chess (1977,1991).Describe the characteristics of babies in each of the categories.

In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) __ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _ temperament is more highly valued.