Question 1

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object,task,event,or some other aspect of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Selective 
B)  Sustained 
C)  Divided 
D)  Executive

Question 2

One of the most common language difficulties that older adults experience is:

Accepted Answer

A)  expressive aphasia. 
B)  stuttering. 
C)  making up new words that other people do not understand. 
D)  the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Question 3

One study reported by Gillum and others revealed that religious attendance at least weekly compared with never was linked to a:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher risk of mortality. 
B)  lower risk of mortality. 
C)  lower risk of Alzheimer disease. 
D)  higher risk of depression.

Question 4

What is the term for a potential transitional state between cognitive changes of normal aging and very early stages of Alzheimer disease and other dementias?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the term for a potential...

Question 5

The concept of _____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive functioning may be linked more to distance from death or cognition-related pathology than to distance from birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  terminal decline 
B)  terminal slide 
C)  cognitive shift 
D)  cognitive slide

Question 6

Remembering the name of a person's favorite toy when he or she was a child is an example of _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  prospective 
B)  implicit 
C)  semantic 
D)  episodic

Question 7

As many as _____ of older adults with depressive symptoms receive no treatment at all.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  60 percent 
D)  80 percent

Question 8

In 2012,an estimated _____ adults in the United States had Alzheimer disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million 
B)  2.6 million 
C)  5.2 million 
D)  8.8 million

Question 9

According to Denise Park and Patricia Reuter-Lorenz,neurocognitive _____ involves the use of complementary,neural circuits to protect cognitive functioning in an aging brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding 
B)  bypassing 
C)  extension 
D)  regeneration

Question 10

Which of the following is a similarity between Alzheimer and Parkinson disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are triggered by a deficiency of the important brain messenger chemical acetylcholine. 
B)  Both are progressive in nature. 
C)  Both affect only the elderly. 
D)  Both are easily managed with medication.

Question 11

Which of the following can be attributed to giving Americans the option to retire?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Age Discrimination Act of 1967 
B)  The deletion of mandatory retirement in 1986 
C)  Establishment of the Social Security system in 1935 
D)  The extension of the mandatory retirement age in 1978

Question 12

Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room.Despite the presence of many voices around him,Zack focuses on what Ben is saying.This is an example of _____ attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective 
B)  divided 
C)  implicit 
D)  executive

Question 13

The term _____ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

A)  divided attention 
B)  selective attention 
C)  attention deficit 
D)  sustained attention

Question 14

_____ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Paranoia 
B)  Dementia 
C)  Schizophrenia 
D)  Alzheimer disease

Question 15

A Pew poll found that belief in God was higher in _____ than in any other age period.

Accepted Answer

A)  older adults 
B)  young adults 
C)  adolescents 
D)  middle-aged adults

Question 16

Selective attention is _____,whereas divided attention is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vigilance; focusing on a specific event 
B)  paying attention only occasionally; constantly paying attention 
C)  focusing on one thing; focusing on many things 
D)  paying attention to detail; paying attention to significant events

Question 17

One study found that following six months of _____ older adults showed improvement on reaction time tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  eating a macrobiotic diet 
B)  cognitive behavioral therapy 
C)  aerobic exercise 
D)  attending regular religious services

Question 18

Which of the following is true about attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more difficult the competing tasks are,the more effectively older adults divide attention than younger adults. 
B)  When the two competing tasks are reasonably easy,age differences among adults are minimal or nonexistent. 
C)  On simple tasks involving a search for a feature,age differences are dramatic even when individuals are given sufficient practice. 
D)  Generally,older adults are more adept at selective attention than younger adults are.

Question 19

A common memory problem for older adults is _____,in which individuals cannot quite retrieve familiar information but have the feeling that they should be able to retrieve it.

Accepted Answer

A)  dementia 
B)  the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon 
C)  temporary memory loss 
D)  mental block

Question 20

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the cholinerase inhibitor drugs used to treat Alzheimer disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  They slow down the progression of the disease. 
B)  They reverse the effects of the disease. 
C)  They have not yet been approved by the Federal Drug Administration for the treatment of MCI. 
D)  They improve memory and other cognitive functions.

Exam 18: Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood