Question 1

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant.One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy,when it is injected into them.Based on this information,Zombia

Accepted Answer

A) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement. 
B) can be marketed as a dietary supplement because it is from a plant. 
C) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because its source is widespread in nature. 
D) can be marketed as a dietary supplement,but only if it is promoted as a conventional food item.

Question 2

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplements on the adult human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults.The pills that do not contain vitamin D are

Accepted Answer

A) interventions. 
B) distractors. 
C) placebos. 
D) antidotes.

Question 3

Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children.The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water.This study is an example of a(an)____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) epidemiological 
B) introspective 
C) conventional 
D) uncontrollable

Question 4

A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice.After ten weeks,the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse.According to his findings,the mice developed abnormal levels of certain enzymes in their red blood cells.Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research,what would you tell him?

Accepted Answer

A) He should prepare a research article that describes his study and its results for submission to a peer-reviewed nutrition journal. 
B) He should report his findings to other nutrition scientists,so they can repeat his study and confirm the results. 
C) He should call a press conference and report his findings to the public,so they can avoid consuming excess iron. 
D) He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group.

Question 5

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of zinc supplements on the human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of people.The pills that do not contain zinc are

Accepted Answer

A) placebos. 
B) probiotics. 
C) antidotes. 
D) supplements.

Question 6

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) When a population's vitamin D intake decreases,the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases. 
B) When a population's level of vitamin C in white blood cells increases,the percentage of people in the population who develop scurvy decreases. 
C) When a population's intake of plant foods decreases,the percentage of obese people in that population increases. 
D) When a population's level of physical activity increases,the percentage of people who develop heart disease decreases.

Question 7

A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men.His study design involves enrolling 250 adult men who have stomach cancer and 250 men who are cancer-free but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer.The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle.Based on this information,what kind of study is the researcher conducting?

Accepted Answer

A) Case-control 
B) In-vivo 
C) Experimental 
D) Cohort

Question 8

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

Accepted Answer

A) NRC 
B) FTC 
C) FDA 
D) EPA

Question 9

A nutrition researcher would like to determine whether women who take fish oil supplements during pregnancy give birth to babies who score higher on basic intelligence tests when they are 5 years of age than the 5-year old children that were born to women who did not take the fish oil supplements during pregnancy.This kind of research is a _____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) prospective 
B) in-vivo 
C) double-blind 
D) case-control

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Dietary supplements can be recalled if the products contain kava,lysine,or glucosamine. 
B) Dietary supplements can include substances that are spread on the skin or injected into the body. 
C) Consumers can report negative health reports that may have resulted from their use of dietary supplements to the FDA. 
D) Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed in the United States.

Question 11

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy. 
B) When population increases its daily consumption of whole grain products,the population's frequency of daily bowel movements increases. 
C) Children who consume 3 cups of vitamin D milk daily develop stronger bones than children who drink fewer than 3 cups of vitamin D milk each day. 
D) As a population's intake of beta carotene increases,the population's tissue levels of vitamin A increase.

Question 12

A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain.She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks.At the end of the two weeks,the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved,stayed about the same,or worsened during the treatment period.After collecting responses from the people,the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor.Based on this information,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain. 
B) The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects. 
C) The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups. 
D) The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer-review.

Question 13

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Accepted Answer

A) DN 
B) MD 
C) RD 
D) MS

Question 14

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Accepted Answer

A) MD 
B) DN 
C) PhD 
D) RDN

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Physicians and dietitians do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients. 
B) According to the legal definition developed by the FDA,a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism. 
C) People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO. 
D) Before taking a dietary supplement,people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe.

Question 16

A magazine article about weight loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual.The faulty information is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) pseudoscience. 
B) bias. 
C) mislabeling. 
D) hypothesizing.

Question 17

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

Accepted Answer

A) Visiting a chiropractor to have a spinal treatment 
B) Taking aspirin to reduce inflammation. 
C) Having surgery to remove a cancerous tumor. 
D) Consuming foods that contain niacin to treat pellagra.

Question 18

Having a control group enables researchers to

Accepted Answer

A) compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group. 
B) explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts. 
C) avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses. 
D) provide specific treatments to participants of the group.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings. 
B) Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers. 
C) When interpreting results of their studies,researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses. 
D) Since 1970,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.

Question 20

A group of researchers wants to determine whether certain dietary factors are associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The scientists follow a group of 500 healthy newborn babies for 10 years and collect health information as well as dietary practices for each child.At the end of the study period,the scientists analyze the data for correlations between the children's dietary practices and their likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD.This is an example of a _____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) prospective 
B) factorial 
C) retrospective 
D) hypothetical

Exam 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant.One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy,when it is injected into them.Based on this information,Zombia

Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children.The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water.This study is an example of a(an) ____ study.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Which of the following statements is true?

A magazine article about weight loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual.The faulty information is an example of

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) ?

Having a control group enables researchers to

Which of the following statements is true?