Question 1

Which one of the following statements best explains the difference between science and nonscience? Science relies more on

Accepted Answer

A)  Empiricism 
B)  Objectivity 
C)  Authority. 
D)  Logic

Question 2

Mr.Manear mused,"If I teach my students better ways to identify key elements in the literature they're reading,this should also improve their test scores." This statement is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  theory 
B)  hypothesis 
C)  law 
D)  converging operation

Question 3

The assumption of discoverability refers to the notion that

Accepted Answer

A)  events in the world, including behavior, are lawful and orderly 
B)  reasoning is the basis for solving all problems 
C)  all events occur as a result of preceding events 
D)  it is impossible to find solutions to complex problems

Question 4

The doctrine that objects perceived have an existence outside the mind is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  common sense 
B)  regularity 
C)  realism 
D)  determinism

Question 5

The statement,"Interviewers rate job applicants more favorably when they wear a nice suit than when they wear casual clothes" is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  Theory of behavior 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Explanation of behavior 
D)  Law

Question 6

A ____ describes events that occur with great regularity.

Accepted Answer

A)  theory 
B)  law 
C)  construct 
D)  generalization

Question 7

When defining a term or concept operationally,it is important to

Accepted Answer

A)  consult a dictionary for the exact definition 
B)  state the means of measuring the term or concept 
C)  include the common use of the term or concept 
D)  consult the literature to determine how the term or concept has been defined in previous studies

Question 8

When we size up strangers within just a few moments of meeting them,we rely on which way of knowing?

Accepted Answer

A)  intuition 
B)  authority 
C)  introspection 
D)  science

Question 9

The assumption of rationality means that

Accepted Answer

A)  all events are believed to have causes 
B)  the universe follows the same laws in all times and places 
C)  the universe follows laws that may be understood by way of logical thinking 
D)  the world is not just the way it appears

Question 10

Which one of the following is not a major role of a theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  to organize knowledge 
B)  to explain laws 
C)  to predict new laws 
D)  to describe behavior

Question 11

Speculations about the relationship between two or more variables are called

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotheses 
B)  constructs 
C)  concepts 
D)  generalizations

Question 12

Consider the following statement: "If negative emotions cause aggression,and if frustration induces a negative emotion,then frustration must cause aggression." This statement illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

A)  science 
B)  authority 
C)  common sense 
D)  logic

Question 13

The statement,"A pleasant fragrance increases ratings of job applicants because the scent creates a positive emotional state in the interviewer" is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Law 
B)  Description of behavior. 
C)  Prediction of behavior. 
D)  Theory of behavior.

Question 14

The statement,"My textbook states that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

A)  authority 
B)  common sense 
C)  science 
D)  logic

Question 15

Which is not an obstacle to finding the cause of some effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  We often overlook the real cause. 
B)  Some events are just coincidences 
C)  Sometimes the real cause is another event correlated with the suspected cause. 
D)  Causes sometimes happen after their effects.

Question 16

The suggestion to take an aspirin to relieve a headache would be considered ____ while ____ would be concerned with the reason that the aspirin works.

Accepted Answer

A)  Science, technology 
B)  Technology, science 
C)  Parsimonious, excessive 
D)  Law, theory

Question 17

The problem with common sense as a way of knowing is

Accepted Answer

A)  There's no problem with common sense 
B)  Standards of common sense vary according to the culture 
C)  It is a non-empirical method of knowing 
D)  It is not based on logic

Question 18

The ultimate goal of science is the development of ____ to explain ____

Accepted Answer

A)  Technology, science 
B)  Science, technology 
C)  Laws, theories 
D)  Theories, laws

Question 19

Determinism is the doctrine that all events

Accepted Answer

A)  are caused 
B)  take place in recurring patterns 
C)  have an existence outside the mind 
D)  can be understood

Question 20

A researcher is interested in conducting a study to determine the effects of individualizing instruction on the scholastic performance of junior high school participants.What terms would require operational definitions? Provide examples of operational definitions for these terms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is interested in conducting a...

Exam 1: Psychology and Science